标签归档 西安品茶

For a long time, AT gearbox has been regarded as the shoulder of the gearbox industry, which is loved and touted by the majority of riders. It is fuel-efficient, resistant to operATion and can be trampled at will. As long as AT is mentioned, people will involuntarily think of these labels. However, from the actual maintenance ratio, AT is not as reliable and durable as the legend, and with the increase of service mileage and years, the failure rate of AT gearboxes is increasing day by day. The most important thing is that due to the high precision of AT gearboxes, the maintenance prices of 8AT and 9AT gearboxes are also expensive. So if someone tells you that the AT gearbox can be operated at will, you should give him a big face-scraper!

Why on earth? Please look down!

AT gearbox adopts planetary gear sets to change the transmission ratio, and the engine power is input to the input shaft through the hydraulic torque converter, and then the change is realized through the natural gear ratio of sun gear, and. Multiple clutches are designed in the gearbox to fix the planet carrier or ring gear of planetary gear sets to realize the output of different speed ratios. In addition, the combined speed ratio can be realized by fixing the planet carrier and ring gear of multiple planetary gear sets at the same time.

Usually, a set of planetary gears can achieve three different speed ratios, and six different speed ratios can be achieved through two sets of superposition. However, considering the actual speed output, not every speed ratio is usually effective.

AT gearbox and engine are usually buffered by hydraulic torque converter, and engine power is transmitted through. The hydraulic torque converter is actually a closed cavity filled with gearbox oil. The principle of power transmission is that the engine drives the pump wheel to rotate at a high speed, which drives the gearbox oil to flow at a high speed, and the gearbox oil drives the rotation, and finally drives the turbine to rotate synchronously. The output shaft of turbine is connected with the input shaft of AT to realize power transmission.

Because the transmission oil transmits power, the efficiency is relatively low. Therefore, in order to improve, it is considered that the hydraulic torque converter is internally designed with a lock-up clutch. After a stable start, when the speed reaches more than 10km/h, the lock-up clutch locks. Form. However, when starting, shifting and braking, the locking clutch inside the torque converter is separated, which can allow the speed difference to occur. Avoid engine stalling.

In order to protect the planetary gear set AT the back end of AT gearbox, the locking clutch of hydraulic torque converter is separated at the moment of gearbox upshift, and the multiple clutches in gearbox are quickly separated and combined at the moment of gearbox upshift, so as to realize different speed ratio output.

There are many parts of AT gearbox, usually reaching more than 400, especially for automatic gearboxes with multi-gears, such as 8AT, 9AT and 10AT. The size of parts is more compact and precise, especially for AT gearboxes with multi-gears, the shifting logic is very complicated and the valve body action is extremely complicated. There is a high requirement for the cleanliness of transmission oil. Therefore, AT gearbox needs to change gearbox oil regularly. Otherwise, the valve body may not open and close normally due to excessive impurities.

Many people think that AT is resistant to exercise, and can pedal with big feet and drive violently at will, which is quite wrong. The interior of AT gearbox is quite precise. When driving violently or even launching, although AT gearbox has a hydraulic torque converter for buffering, especially when shifting gears, the locking clutch can be released to form buffering, but the power transmitted by gearbox oil is also impactful. At the moment of shifting gears violently, the engine speed often rises rapidly, and the instantaneous impact force is relatively strong, which will certainly bring wear to multiple clutches used to lock planetary gear sets inside the gearbox. Therefore, the service life of the gearbox will be greatly reduced.

The key of automatic gearbox is to avoid shifting shock as much as possible.

• 1. When starting, don’t hurry to refuel. After shifting into D gear, wait until the power is turned on and the gearbox is full of energy, so as to avoid high-speed impact. Don’t play until the ejection starts.
• 2. Don’t drive violently with the big foot throttle when the car is cold, and the engine speed is too high, resulting in too much impact at the moment of shifting.
• 3. Try not to use the manual mode unless necessary, especially for the instantaneous downshift of the high gear. Although the shift can be protected instantly, the speed ratio of the gearbox changes too much in the manual mode and the impact is relatively strong.
• 4. Change the gearbox oil regularly, once every 60,000 yuan. It is recommended to change the gearbox oil by alternately combining the circulating machine and gravity, that is, after changing the oil in the circulating machine, replace the filter element at the same time at the next gravity oil change.

I am talking about cars, thank you for reading, and welcome to communicate in the comment area!

　　With the development of Internet and information technology, the Internet platform has become the main carrier for the whole society to obtain information, establish contacts, inherit civilization, entertain and relax, and the construction of network civilization is in the ascendant. In the process of network civilization construction and development, algorithm technology has brought great convenience to Internet users, but at the same time, its bias and abuse have also aroused people’s doubts, which has also become an important topic in network civilization construction. How to promote the comprehensive governance of algorithm technology through optimizing algorithm ethics and empower and help build an upward-oriented network civilization? On November 19th, the Convention on Self-discipline in the Application of Internet Information Service Algorithms, initiated by China Network Social Organization Federation at the first China Network Civilization Conference, provided a very useful exploration for solving this problem.

　　First, the algorithm and algorithm ethics

　　Algorithm refers to the accurate and complete description of the solution, and it is a series of clear instructions to solve the problem. Algorithm represents a systematic method to describe the strategic mechanism to solve the problem. At present, the deep development of Internet technology and artificial intelligence is promoting the wide application of algorithm technology. Technology is a "double-edged sword". While the algorithm is widely used, it brings a lot of convenience to the society, it also causes ethical problems of the algorithm, which brings new challenges to the current construction of Internet civilization.

　　Anderson proposed in Dependent Code: Advantages and Disadvantages of Algorithm Age that algorithms can really help us to process a large amount of data, which will bring many visible and invisible benefits, such as stimulating scientific breakthroughs, improving people’s creativity and self-expression ability, and creating new and convenient lifestyles. But at the same time, these benefits of the algorithm are accompanied by many challenges, such as too much pursuit of data and modeling, which will have various adverse consequences such as weakening human judgment, forming algorithm bias and deepening social differences.

　　Therefore, it is extremely important to regulate the use of algorithms from the perspective of algorithm ethics. Algorithm ethics is based on the unpredictability of algorithm consequences and the value load of the algorithm, with respect, safety, prevention, transparency and friendliness as its basic criteria, and with cultivating the moral imagination of the algorithm design subject and following the value sensitivity as its approach.

　　Second, face up to correcting the ethical anomie of algorithms and improve the civilized governance of cyberspace.

　　Network civilization refers to a new form of civilization with the application of information network technology, which has a very wide meaning, mainly including three levels: network technology civilization, network spiritual civilization and network system standardization civilization. The purpose of network civilization construction is to create a healthy, orderly, safe, dynamic and pollution-free "green" network environment. Algorithm is not only the core element of information technology development, but also the key topic of cyberspace governance. Its hidden social attribute has imperceptibly influenced people’s social life.

　　(A) algorithm ethics anomie infringes on network technology civilization

　　Algorithms bring convenience to users to a great extent, such as algorithm recommendation to help users filter information. However, some scholars believe that with the wide application of algorithm technology, the autonomy of the algorithm itself is enhanced, and the autonomy of the person as the subject is weakened, which shows a trend of trade-off, and even the subject is hidden. Autonomy, that is, self-management, is the ability of the subject to construct his own goals and values and to make decisions freely and put them into action. This is because the algorithm technology itself is designed as a decision-making system, which also leads to more and more dependence on algorithms in many fields, such as policy making, social services, medical health, media communication, etc., while users’ own rights and interests such as choice and informed rights are infringed.

　　(B) algorithm ethics anomie pollution network spiritual civilization

　　Because the algorithm design mode depends on the existing social mode and the designer’s social cognition to a great extent, the algorithm design is often the reappearance of the current social mode and the designer’s thinking, which often substitutes the inherent prejudice and discrimination of society and designers, thus causing algorithm discrimination. However, the existence of algorithm discrimination and prejudice not only damages users’ right to know, but also infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of some groups. In addition, the use of many technologies such as algorithm recommendation leads to the increase of the influence of personal prejudice and social discrimination in cyberspace, which leads to public opinion polarization, network violence and other problems, thus polluting the construction of network civilization.

　　(C) algorithm ethics anomie damage network system civilization

　　Schoenberg pointed out in "Delete: The Way to Choose Big Data" that "the Internet has enabled human beings to live in a digital circular prison". In this era of big data, "the past is like a tattoo on our digital skin, forgetting has become the exception, but memory has become the norm". While users are living digitally, data records also leave traces. When minors access the Internet and use social media and other applications, their personal information and privacy, such as their faces, names, location information and browsing records, are easily recorded and preserved by these applications, leaving traces of data that are difficult to clear. Even algorithm technology collects and uses users’ information without their knowledge, thus infringing on their personal information rights and privacy rights and other related personality rights.

　　Third, pay attention to the optimization of algorithm ethics, and build a network civilization that is upward and good.

　　The Convention on Self-discipline in the Application of Internet Information Service Algorithms puts forward new requirements for the technical subject of algorithms from the perspective of algorithm ethics and network civilization construction. Through summing up, it is mainly carried out around these three levels: first, using good technology to promote the construction of network technology civilization; Second, promote algorithm fairness and promote the construction of network spiritual civilization; Third, implement the responsibility of technical subject and promote the civilization construction of network system.

　　(A) the use of good governance technology to promote the construction of network technology civilization

　　Technical requirements such as "promoting innovation and development" are put forward in the self-discipline convention on the application of Internet information service algorithms. On the one hand, the algorithm governance mechanism is established technically, the algorithm governance organization is set up, the algorithm governance system is continuously improved, and the algorithm safety emergency management plan is established and improved; Implement algorithm governance measures, increase resource investment, carry out algorithm ethics review, carry out algorithm security risk monitoring, evaluation and prevention and control, and effectively handle algorithm security incidents. On the other hand, promote design R&D innovation, continue to carry out algorithm research and development, actively master key core technologies, and integrate into the overall pattern of global scientific and technological innovation; Governing the internet through algorithms. Promote the application and innovation of R&D algorithms in Internet and other related fields, and provide better services for national security, social progress and industry development. Promote the innovation of algorithm application, strengthen the application of algorithm in social and economic fields, and thus promote the construction of network technology civilization.

　　(B) to promote algorithm fairness, and promote the construction of network spiritual civilization.

　　The Convention on Self-discipline in the Application of Internet Information Service Algorithms proposes to "abide by business ethics" and "practice socialist core values". On the one hand, technical subjects should actively practice and maintain mainstream values, take socialist core values into the core consideration, and abide by social public order and good customs and business ethics. On the other hand, technical subjects should resolutely implement the requirements of guiding opinions, strengthen industry self-discipline, and consciously accept supervision and management; Promote the fairness of information recommendation, effectively deal with invalid and false information, avoid algorithm bias and algorithm application data deviation, improve the optimization goal of recommendation algorithm, and thus promote the construction of network spiritual civilization.

　　(C) the implementation of the main responsibility of technology, and promote the civilization of the network system.

　　The Convention on Self-discipline in the Application of Internet Information Service Algorithms emphasizes the institutional requirements of "implementing the main responsibility" and "strictly observing laws and regulations", and requires technical subjects to abide by the law from the aspects of information release, information review and personal data and privacy protection, thus promoting the civilized construction of the network system. First, it is to strengthen the consciousness of subject responsibility, fulfill the obligation of algorithm governance, and assume the responsibility of algorithm governance. Strictly abide by the relevant national policy documents and laws and regulations, strengthen the awareness of law-abiding and compliance, continue to study laws and regulations, carry out algorithm applications according to laws and regulations, and resolutely do not touch the legal red line, so as to promote the civilized construction of the network system.

　　Author: Special commentator Ji Weimin (deputy director, researcher and doctoral supervisor of Institute of Industrial Economics, China Academy of Social Sciences)

　　Zeng Leixiao, a master of China Academy of Social Sciences, contributed to this paper.

Speaking of which, this brand was a fire in the past, and it was the best in the school. But now, domestic electric cars are becoming more and more luxurious, and the interior is getting more and more upscale. Tesla’s simple style really makes people feel a little guilty. Is it worth buying? Today, as an ordinary car owner, I will talk to you about the shortcomings that people love and hate. Of course, in the end, I will also talk about its advantages. After all, every product has its two sides.

Let’s talk about maneuverability first. Because the car body is high and heavy, it is replaced with a harder spring, and the chassis is also adjusted to be sporty. In this way, the handling and body support really have nothing to say, and it is called a cool driving. However, the suspension is as hard as a stone. When driving everyday, when the accelerator is lifted, the nodding and turning caused by kinetic energy recovery is simply unbearable. Especially when crossing the bumpy road, the comfort of the rear passengers is simply a big problem, just like riding a roller coaster.

Let’s talk about voice technology. Tesla’s speech recognition, how to say it, is a bit "straight". Its instructions are mechanical, not as humanized and intelligent as domestic brand electric vehicles. Although it has improved after the update in the last two years, it still lags behind domestic brands. There is also a map of the car. I have encountered several times when turning reminders are too slow. In the end, I can only use my mobile phone to navigate directly. You said this was too noisy.

Also, the foot feeling of Tesla Model Y’s switch pedal is also a point that makes people vomit. Compared with other models, you have to spend more effort to step on it. And the feeling of braking feet is very strange, a bit like stepping on a rubber. I think this may be because Tesla used the brakes, which is very different from the traditional mechanical assisted brakes.

Charging speed is also a point I want to vomit. Compared with the new power brands of domestic electric vehicles at the same price, Tesla’s charging speed is indeed a bit behind the rhythm. It’s a terrible headache to have to wait for a long time every time you charge.

Sound insulation and interior are also the two major slots of Tesla Model Y. The sound insulation effect is not good, especially when running at high speed. The noise is unbearable and my ears are about to explode. The simple interior is also an important reason to dissuade many people. The comfort of the seat is not good, the padding of the rear seat cushion is relatively hard, and the backrest angle is also straight, so although the space is large, it is uncomfortable to sit up, just like sitting on a bench.

Having said so many shortcomings, do you think Tesla Model Y is useless? Actually, it is not. It still has many obvious advantages. For example, the chip system is complete, the OTA frequency of car updates is fast, the safety factor is high, and the battery life is stable. Tesla’s three-electricity technology is also relatively strong, and many people buy Tesla. There are also fast after-sales service response, reliable automatic driving, high coverage of charging piles and so on. These are the highlights of Tesla and the reasons why it can stand on the market.

So, is it worth buying Tesla Model Y? There is no standard answer to this question. Because everyone’s needs and feelings are different. For me, although it has some shortcomings that make me headache, it also has some advantages that I can’t give up. So, if you are also considering buying Tesla Model Y, I suggest you take a test drive first, and it is not too late to feel its advantages and disadvantages before making a decision. After all, buying a car is not a trivial matter! You have to think it over carefully!