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Shenzhen Digital Government and Smart City "14th Five-Year Plan" Released

  Recently, the Shenzhen Municipal Government Service Data Management Bureau and the Municipal Development and Reform Commission issued the "Tenth Five-Year Development Plan for Digital Government and Smart City in Shenzhen" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"). Planning is a comprehensive, basic and guiding document to promote the construction of Shenzhen digital government and smart city, which means that Shenzhen digital government and smart city have a clearer planning map.

  The Plan proposes that by 2025, we will build a new international smart city benchmark and a "digital China" city model and become a global digital pioneer city; By 2035, digital transformation will drive the transformation of production methods, lifestyles and governance methods to achieve more remarkable results, realize the leap from digitalization to intelligence, fully support the modernization of urban governance system and governance capacity, and become a more competitive, innovative and influential global digital pioneer city.

  In order to achieve the above objectives, the Plan summarizes the current development foundation and facing situation, and puts forward four aspects of architecture: organizational architecture, overall architecture, data architecture and security architecture, and deploys tasks such as upgrading the new level of digital base, building a new intelligent hub system, creating new advantages of digital government, drawing a new picture of digital society, empowering the new development of digital economy, forming a new pattern of digital ecology, and innovating the work promotion mechanism.

Take the lead in building a benchmark city with digital base.

Five aspects to improve the digital base

  The construction of digital government and smart city can not be separated from the support of solid digital base. In terms of improving the energy level of the digital base, the Plan focuses on five aspects: comprehensively improving the energy level of the communication network, proactively deploying a computing network, intensively building an integrated cloud platform, improving the spatio-temporal information platform, and accelerating the construction of an IOT perception platform.

  In order to take the lead in building a benchmark city with digital base, the Plan proposes to build an overall, intensive and comprehensive communication network infrastructure system to realize ubiquitous high-speed network connectivity. Coordinate the layout of the city’s computing power network with data center and edge computing as the main body and intelligent supercomputing as the feature, strengthen the support of scientific and technological capabilities such as algorithms, and realize the overall supply of computing power at the cloud edge. Construct urban mixed cloud ecology and realize the integration of cloud resources. BIM/CIM technology is fully applied to establish three-dimensional digital models of buildings, infrastructure and underground space, build a city-wide spatio-temporal information platform, and build an IOT perception platform to provide strong digital base support for digital government and smart city construction.

  By 2025, the city big data center, government cloud and government network will be upgraded and expanded in an all-round way, and a space-time information platform will be built to realize the superposition of all elements in the whole region. There are over 30 5G base stations per 10,000 people, over 26,000 standard racks in urban big data centers, over 200 applications of spatio-temporal information platforms, and the BIM model introduction rate of important buildings, municipal infrastructure and water engineering projects reaches 100%. Since 2023, BIM technology has been fully applied in all newly-built (approved and put on record) projects in the city (with an investment of over 10 million yuan and a construction area of over 1,000 square meters).

Take the lead in building a digital government and leading the city.

Create a coordinated, accurate and intelligent

Integral government

  How to build active, accurate, holistic and intelligent government management and services? In this regard, the "Planning" proposes to accelerate the promotion of the "Three Ones".

Comprehensive deepening of "one network for government services"

The basic realization of "one network unified management" in government governance

The government’s operation of "one network coordination" has basically taken shape.

  The Plan proposes to further optimize the service content of "I Series" platforms such as "I Shenzhen" and "Shenzhen I Enterprise" and improve the integrated government service system. In the aspect of "unified management through one network", with the platform of "deep governance and wisdom" as the leading traction, focusing on the five functions of government economic regulation, market supervision, social management, public service and ecological environment, aiming at the key and difficult problems in urban operation management, the government governance process reengineering and model optimization are promoted, and the closed loop of business collaborative work under digital conditions is reshaped. In the aspect of "one network collaboration", we will strengthen the construction of unified platform support capacity of digital government and provide intensive and efficient platform support, data support and business support for all districts and departments in the city.

  By 2025, the "one network to run" government services will be comprehensively deepened — — The online and offline integrated government service system is more perfect, and the government service "one network to run" is deepening from "available and usable" to "easy to use and love to use".

  The basic realization of "unified management through one network" in government governance — — Establish a city-level integrated decision-making command platform to promote cross-level, cross-regional, cross-system, cross-departmental and cross-business collaborative governance.

  The "one network coordination" of government operation has basically taken shape — — The digital transformation of party and government organs at all levels has achieved remarkable results, and collaborative management at all levels and departments has become smoother and more efficient.

Boost the high-quality construction of digital society

Let digital achievements benefit the whole people

  In terms of building a digital society, the Plan proposes to focus on key areas such as education, medical care, old-age care, caring for the young, employment, recreation and sports, and helping the disabled, strengthen the deep integration of information resources, promote more efficient and coordinated online and offline services, and accelerate the creation of an equal and inclusive people’s livelihood service system, so that the achievements of digital society construction can better benefit all citizens.

  In addition, in order to build a digital society shared by all, the Plan emphasizes promoting the aging transformation of related services, providing convenience for the elderly to use intelligent products and applications, and gradually eliminating the "digital divide" so that the elderly can better integrate into the smart society. Strengthen the education and training of digital skills of the whole people, improve the ability and level of using intelligent technology, and enhance the digital literacy of the whole people.

  By 2025, digitalization and intelligence will help the "seven excellent people’s livelihood" to be prominent. The whole people enjoy the new mode of digital life, digital products enter thousands of households, and are deeply integrated with various industries in the economy and society. Progress has been made in the transformation of "suitability for the elderly" in various fields of public services, and the "digital divide" has been gradually bridged.

Empower the digital economy to develop with high quality.

Create a new engine for development

  The Plan proposes that Shenzhen should seize new opportunities for the development of digital economy, give full play to the advantages of massive data and huge market application scale, actively cultivate new technologies, new industries, new formats and new models, vigorously promote the construction of strategic emerging industrial clusters, constantly update industrial forms, continuously upgrade industrial energy levels, and strive to create a new engine for the development of digital economy and lead a smart new life.

  By 2025, we will conquer a number of digital key core technologies with independent intellectual property rights and form a number of international leading standards. The added value of the core industries of the digital economy accounted for 31% of the city’s GDP, and the revenue from software business exceeded 1.2 trillion yuan. The development of digital economy segments such as 5G, artificial intelligence, software and information services led the country. Build a series of public technical service platforms to support the digital transformation of industries.

Take the lead in building a digital ecological model city

The scale of data transaction and service is leading in China.

  In terms of building a digital ecology, the Plan proposes to accelerate the implementation of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Data Regulations and gradually improve data property rights, data transactions and other regulations, systems and standard systems. Strengthen cooperation among smart urban agglomerations in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and promote mutual recognition of standards and convergence of rules. Explore the establishment of mechanisms for cross-border data flow and sharing. Build a unified network security architecture in the city, and create an all-weather and all-scene network security guarantee system.

  By 2025, we will promote the construction of relevant supporting systems of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Data Regulations, complete the pilot reform of market-oriented allocation of data elements, cultivate the data element market, and achieve the national leading in data transaction activity and data service industry scale. The public data service system has been gradually improved. There are no less than 5,000 social open data sets of public data resources, and the coverage rate of "one number and one source" reaches 85%. The system of network security construction, operation, management and standards has been further improved. Deepening foreign cooperation and creating a new paradigm of cooperation in the digital field.

  It is worth noting that the Plan innovates the work promotion mechanism, explores the establishment of a performance evaluation system and evaluation indicators for digital government and smart city construction, and evaluates the development level of digital government and smart city, as well as the application system construction and use effect of various districts and departments on an annual basis. At the same time, the chief data officer (CDO) was established to clarify the scope of responsibilities and evaluation mechanism of chief data officer, promote the development and utilization of public data, and optimize the allocation of data elements resources.

Restart the decline of word of mouth, can it rise without Caesar’s "gorilla ball"?


Special feature of 1905 film network Eleven years ago, Caesar, an orangutan who was awakened unexpectedly by human experiments, launched a six-year-long battle for the freedom of the apes. Seven years after the departure of leader Caesar, the ape flu hit and a new world in which apes were in an upside-down situation began … … Iterative special effects technology, renewed role setting and reconstructed world outlook are still incompatible with each other. However, after the film was released recently, it suffered a "triple jump" in the first weekend, and its score was far less than that of the first trilogy in the series.



In this program, we invite Huang Haikun, editor-in-chief of Watching Movies magazine, to talk with us about whether we can rise without Caesar’s "Planet of the Apes".




Realistic special effects


Score: ★★★★☆☆


Have the courage to make innovations


Score: ★★★★☆☆



The special effects in the film are so subtle that the hair texture of apes and other animals is also restored. By observing the face of an ape, the audience can see its sex, age and even its personality.


"But technology will always serve stories, characters and emotions. If these three are not established, technology can only give the audience a temporary stimulus." Huang Haikun commented.


New protagonist: Noah


The protagonist of Rise of the Planet of the Apes: A New World has changed from Caesar to Noah, a young ape. Can the appearance of Noah meet the audience’s expectations for the protagonist?


Caesar VS Noah


In this "battle for the leading role", Huang Haikun awarded the gold medal to Caesar. Caesar, as the protagonist of the first three films, left a deep impression on the audience. It is like the ancestor of human beings who bravely took the first step and fell underground from the trees in the virgin forest, with a far-sighted vision beyond that of ordinary apes. The audience accompanied Caesar’s growth in the process of watching the movie, watching him pry open a light from the ignorant animal nature, watching him gradually realize the problems between human beings and apes, and then leading the whole apes to their own homes.



"When Caesar shouted’ No’ to mankind, the shock at that moment was far greater than all the battle scenes in the second and third films. At that moment, I felt that the world view of this film was grand and profound, "Huang Haikun said.



Different from Caesar’s arc, Rise of the Planet of the Apes: A New World basically follows the general formula of "classical hero modeling": Departure — — Enlightenment — — Test — — Go home. Noah’s growth process is like that of an adolescent. He is eager to prove himself, but he makes mistakes again and again. Only when the whole home is destroyed does he suddenly wake up and stand up again from the ruins. Compared with Caesar, Noah’s growing history lacks the awakening process of "humanity".



After seven years of disobedience, I lost Caesar’s "Scarlet Ball" restart, failed to undertake the glory of the first three films, and fell into a new round of word-of-mouth polarization. Some viewers commented that "the script of the film is full of AI feeling, the rhythm is dragging, it is long and mediocre, and it makes people sleepy", and even joked that the film is "a model of using the best technology to make the worst movie". So why is the fourth film so controversial? Huang Haikun gave the answer from the perspective of script creation.



"Slogan style" subverts the world outlook and lacks details.


In the fourth film, the screenwriter bravely subverts the settings of the first three films, shifting the narrative focus of the film from human beings to apes, breaking the settings in the first three films that human civilization is dominant and the minority represented by Caesar resists the tyrannical power in human society, transforming the dominant civilization of the earth into the civilization of apes, and the intelligence level of human beings is suddenly reduced to the state of infants and young children. In order to establish this new ecology, the film spent a long time talking about the tribal struggle of the apes, which led to top-heaviness.



The play is out of balance, so it is difficult for the audience to project their feelings for the role.


Secondly, the creator misjudged the audience’s expectations of watching movies. The film emphasizes literature and drama, ignoring the grand war scenes expected by the audience. At the same time, due to the innovation of setting, the narrative of the film requires the audience to substitute from the perspective of apes, while most of the audience are used to watching it from the perspective of human beings, which separates the emotional resonance between the film and the audience.




Creation should have the courage not to stick to the previous work, just like human civilization and ape civilization, from germination to development, we need to experience the exploration of the earth and the universe. Brave "navigators" are needed to constantly explore unknown areas.



At the end of the program, Huang Haikun looked forward to the future development of the "The Planet of the Apes" series films: "In such a film about people and orangutans, I saw the romantic communication between civilizations, and I think it can make an epic temperament in the future."




Reaching for Details and Warming People’s Hearts —— Lanrun Yuanhong Property Team | Touching China Series Stories (Eighth Issue)

 

  The inventory was jointly initiated by the All-China Real Estate Chamber of Commerce & Yihan Think Tank & Enterprise Research Branch of All-China Real Estate Chamber of Commerce, aiming at conveying the warm-hearted strength within the housing enterprises and showing their responsibilities and responsibilities by telling the stories of 88 housing enterprises that moved China.

  Twenty-one days is enough for people to form a habit. The epidemic spans far more than 21 days, which means that after that, some of our behaviors will eventually be preserved, and the people and things that accompanied us and touched us will also be precipitated in our minds.

  During the period of "staying at home", the busy workers in the community always manage the daily life for the owners. Every greeting they give and every detail they do is worth remembering.

  Zhong Lingxiu

  35 years old, my mother lives alone in her hometown.

  Tanghu Spring Property Service Center

  customer service department

  "Take care of every owner with the attitude of caring for his family"

  Customer service staff is one of the workers who have the closest contact with the owners, and they are the first people who think of problems when the owners live. Their daily work involves the coordination and communication of all kinds of trivial matters in community life, which can be described as meticulous. Customer service worker Zhong Lingxiu is one of them, but at the same time, she is also the spiritual sustenance of her elderly mother.

  During the epidemic, with the encouragement of his mother, Zhong Lingxiu stuck to the front line of community epidemic prevention. After learning that the owner of Building No.8, who she was in charge of, had chest tightness symptoms and was found to be slightly suspicious, she contacted the owner at the first time to ask about her life.

  "The owner is unwell, and he should have already suffered some pressure emotionally. He should not be troubled by the inconvenience of life."

  Zhong Lingxiu said that these actions, such as purchasing daily necessities for the owner, disposing of domestic garbage and collecting express delivery, are only part of his work. For her, customer service work is never a standardized action process, but a careful observation of the needs of owners, treating each owner as a family member and caring for each owner with a caring attitude.

  In the state of home isolation, the owner asked to scan the QR code to pay the property fee in advance because he could not thank him in person, and expressed his gratitude by actively supporting the property and customer service staff.

  Xu Huili

  new mother

  Shangdongcheng property service center

  customer service department

  "I want to warm this winter with my thoughts on my children."

  At the beginning of 2020, for Xu Huili, she was not only moved by being a mother for the first time, but also assumed the responsibility of sticking to her post. According to the regional requirements, the owner of the project she is responsible for needs to apply for a "five-color card", and everyone can enter and leave with the card. Xu Huili is worried that there is a risk of gathering infection when the owners go out to get the card, and proposes to send the card in person.

  There are many owners in the whole project, so it is necessary to allocate the cards one by one according to the category, and the owners should not be delayed from going out. Xu Huili gave up an hour’s breastfeeding leave every day and devoted herself to the work.

  The closest to the risk is to provide services for an owner who returned to Chengdu from Xiangyang, Hubei Province and was isolated at home. From the daily temperature measurement, to the purchase of living materials and garbage disposal, Xu Huili took care of it all.

  "I have never thought about this problem. Usually, the owners are very cooperative with our work. This epidemic also hopes to spend it with them." When asked if increasing the contact range of the owners was worried about infection, Xu Huili replied.

  Zhang Hui

  After 95

  East zone yundi property service center

  Customer service assistant

  "I am the’ No.11 bus’ connecting the community and the supermarket."

  In the eyes of the owners of Yundi project in the East District, Zhang Hui’s performance equates the two labels "post-95" and "sense of responsibility".

  After the outbreak of the epidemic, people almost talked about "going out" and the situation of snapping up in the early stage made it more difficult to purchase materials. However, Zhang Hui did not hesitate at all. He took over the procurement of materials and carefully divided the implementation steps: cart disinfection, purchasing bags and materials disinfection, self-disinfection, and wearing masks for distribution.

  This action is repeated several times a day. By the time he delivers fresh ingredients to more than 400 owners in charge and returns to the office with peace of mind, the working meal is already cold. Owners in the area often feel sorry for the young man, but in the face of praise and thanks, Zhang Hui just smiled shyly and buried himself in the next round of procurement work.

  Zhu Xiaoping

  Dongyuehui property service center

  Order department

  "This year’s’ New Year’s Eve’ is in my charge."

  Since January 23rd, Zhu Xiaoping has not had a day off, and at the same time, he has served as the order maintainer of the community and the logistics support staff of 33 colleagues.

  When the restaurant was closed due to the epidemic and the front-line staff were inconvenient to eat, Zhu Xiaoping went back and forth between the project and the supermarket to buy a large number of ingredients for all the staff to ensure that every colleague could eat normally. This is not Zhu Xiaoping’s job, but he always seems to feel that other colleagues are busier and more bitter than himself, hoping to make more contributions to front-line work with his own specialty.

  There is a slogan on the project, which is called "The project is my home and serves everyone". Zhu Xiaoping often repeats this sentence. In this Spring Festival when he can’t accompany his family, he has only one simple wish, that is, to take care of his project colleagues.

  Write it at the end

  In the special period of epidemic, when people all over the country are under great psychological pressure, the employees of Yuanhong Property under Lanrun Group always remember their mission, stick to the front line and silently guard thousands of households with their ordinary bodies. I believe that after the outbreak, this heavy touch will also follow the owner’s life.

This article was first published on WeChat WeChat official account: Yihan Think Tank. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

(Editor: Ji Liya HN003)

Online drama "blockbuster" competition, thick text wins.

  Suspense short plays, represented by Extraordinary Witness, White Moonlight and Skyscraper, have been regarded as the most competitive type in the domestic online drama market. (All TV series posters) Cartography: Li Jie

  The popularity of online dramas has been rising for several months. The three major video websites of "Ai Youteng" have previously launched three suspense short plays, Very Witness, White Moonlight and Skyscraper, which have all divided the attention of young drama fans. These three suspense short plays have been regarded as the most competitive types in the domestic online drama market-movie stars with excellent acting skills, film directors with strong image style, and details of service that can stand the "close shot" of personality, all of which give these works an audio-visual quality beyond ordinary TV dramas.

  Interestingly, these three productions have their own advantages, and the lineup behind the scenes is equal. At present, the Douban scores obtained show an obvious ladder arrangement: Skyscraper 8.1, White Moonlight 6.6 and Extraordinary Witness 5.6. Judging from the comments of fans, it is the script itself that determines the score. What echoes this is the fact that among the three works, only Skyscraper, which has the highest score, is an adaptation based on a literary background, while the previous Hidden Corner is also adapted from a successful genre novel.

  It is true that excellent novels can not be equated with excellent film and television dramas, but the performance of recent hot dramas has forced people to see that high-quality literature books are the "escort" of the series. In the eyes of people in the industry, online dramas entering the era of high-quality blockbusters are paying more and more attention to literary works with humanistic thickness and literary value. On the contrary, it is easy to become a mystery in the eyes of the audience without the support of rich and thick texts and the addition of literary forms.

  Typed creation with a large lineup has become a powerful starting point for differentiated competition of online dramas.

  The irreplaceable category feature is one of the signs that a literary style is really maturing. Domestic online dramas can compete with traditional categories such as movies and TV dramas, which is due to the innovative methods accumulated by years of differentiated competitive thinking. Among them, the front-stage and behind-the-scenes lineup, typed creation and short film theatrical operation of comparable movies have become the most favorable mode for online dramas to incite the market. The masterpiece of this creative mode is undoubtedly the well-received and well-received Hidden Corner. The intensive publication of three works, Skyscraper, White Moonlight and Extraordinary Witness, has further opened up the operation path of high-quality short plays.

  Skyscraper, which connects the life of a female victim with a murder case, has been praised by the industry as the leader of domestic "her suspense". Just looking at the production lineup, the audience will think that this is a film work: the actors gather "familiar faces" in big screens such as Guo Tao, Yang Zishan, Angelababy, Jiao Gang, Ni Hongjie, Lv Yulai, etc. What surprises the audience even more is that Wang Shengdi, who plays the girl "Pupu" in "Hidden Corner", also plays an important role in the play; Director Chen Zhengdao has directed films such as Master of Memory and Master of Hypnosis that combine business typology with personal style skillfully. Like the first two films directed by the director, Skyscraper also focuses on multi-point narration and plot reversal, so this online drama is also listed as the "Chen Zhengdao Trilogy" together with the first two films.

  White Moonlight, also from the female perspective, tells a suspenseful cheating story. The lineup of this work also aroused great expectations of the audience. Song Jia Jr. partnered with "Lv Xiucai" and Yu Entai’s husband-and-wife combination of "the woman is the master outside and the man is the master inside", which made the audience shine, and more powerful factions such as Liu Mintao and Huang Jue joined in. Liu Ziwei, the director of this drama, was nominated as the "Best Director" in the 19th Shanghai International Film Festival for his debut novel "My Heart is Jumping", and it was the "deep diver" in the field of online drama who escorted the newcomers to the academy-500 who directed hot dramas such as Psychological Crime and Antique close encounter of mahjong as the producer of this film.

  The online drama "Very Witness" and the previous online "Ten Days Game" and "Hidden Corner" belong to the "Misty Theater", which tells a story of chasing the murderer that spans 20 years. Song Yang and Yuan Wenkang, the leading actors in the play, are not big hit stars, but all of them are low-key acting schools with film works. The former has appeared in many domestic films, including The Arrow and the White Ape, Master, The Great Cause of Building the Army and The Chang An Thief. In recent years, a film "Violent Silence" has made Song Yang the best actor in Tokyo Film Festival.

  Professional visitors enter the market, and it is the thickness of the text that is used to compete with the online drama of overseas hot dramas.

  The lineups of the three online dramas are also expected, but the word-of-mouth gained after the launch is quite different: Skyscraper ranks first, White Moonlight ranks second, and Very Witness scores the lowest. Professional audiences who have mastered the right to speak online are divided into three levels, which makes the three "competing products" show a possibility to detect the aesthetic consensus of the current audience. What separates the three works is precisely "the foundation of a drama", and "explosion" relies more and more on the literary and humanistic values in the script.

  Among them, the most humanistic information is Skyscraper supported by a literary copy of the same name. The drama series runs through a female murder case in a skyscraper, but it reflects all the social beings represented by the owners in the skyscraper. In the unfolding of the stories of the suspects, the embarrassing life experiences of the female victims are constantly supplemented. Therefore, the proposition of "Who killed women" has been endowed with double connotations of law and sociology. In the form of expression, the multi-perspective advancement makes the "unreliability" of narrative give more room for suspense and reversal.

  In contrast, White Moonlight, which belongs to the female theme, appears to be more literary than informative. The whole play revolves around a husband’s affair, and the wife who trusts her husband is in doubt and temptation, and finally falls into collapse. This delicate exploration of women’s inner world is worth encouraging, but the conflict between the slow pace and the absent character drama will inevitably lead to a psychological gap among genre lovers. At present, Extraordinary Witness, with the lowest score, has broken the narrative rhythm and weakened the logic of investigation because of the accumulation of redundant stories that are constantly separated from the main line. Every character in the play has mastered part of the truth of the murder case 20 years ago, and this "jigsaw puzzle" narrative opening is amazing. However, the story is already halfway through, and the scattered information still fails to produce a staged confluence. The people in the play pretend to be deep in literary and artistic remarks and beautiful lighting, which makes the series look more like an MV with good sentences but no good chapters.

  Grading with clear steps reflects the young audience’s aesthetic consensus on genre works, and also shows the professionalism and expression desire of contemporary audiences. A noteworthy phenomenon is that in the online reviews of the three works, the names of overseas high-scoring suspense masterpieces such as Dr. Foster, Big and Small Lies and Your Turn appeared. It can be seen that in the audience’s mind, the competitors of high-quality domestic online dramas are no longer domestic TV dramas, but overseas dramas that have gained international recognition. In the face of a well-informed professional audience, the final competition of online drama is the thickness of the text. Reporter Zhang Yuxi

News Analysis: Promoting High-quality Development with Tariff Adjustment —— Analysis of China’s new tariff regulations in 2022

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 15th Topic: News Analysis: Promoting High-quality Development with Tariff Adjustment —— Analysis of China’s new tariff regulations in 2022

Xinhua News Agency reporter Shen Cheng, Liu Hongxia

At the end of each year, China will adjust the tariff rate of some imported goods according to the economic and social development. With the approval of the State Council, the State Council Customs Tariff Commission issued a notice on 15th, clarifying the tariff adjustment plan for 2022.

Experts and industry insiders interviewed by Xinhua News Agency said that this adjustment has reduced tariffs on some medical products, consumer goods, key components and other imported goods, which will further meet the needs of people’s lives, enterprise production and social development, help maintain the security and stability of the domestic industrial chain supply chain, support scientific and technological innovation and industrial transformation and upgrading, expand high-level opening up and promote high-quality development.

Focus on people’s livelihood concerns and adjust the provisional tax rates for some medical products and consumer goods.

From January 1, 2022, China will impose a provisional import tax rate lower than the most-favored-nation tax rate on 954 commodities.

The reporter checked the schedule of the notice and found that many of the imported goods that adjusted the provisional tax rate were medical products related to people’s livelihood, such as new anticancer drug radium chloride injection, intracranial embolectomy stent, artificial joint and so on.

Wang Jun, director of the Department of Neurointervention, Department of Neurology, PLA General Hospital, paid special attention to the product of intracranial embolectomy stent. "Intracranial embolectomy stent is a kind of instrument to take out the formed cerebral thrombosis. After reducing the import tariff this time, it will reduce the cost of the instrument and reduce the treatment cost for patients."

Since 2018, China has successively cancelled the tariffs on the first and second batches of anticancer drugs, raw materials for rare diseases and some alkaloids used to treat asthma, reducing the import tariffs on artificial heart valves, hearing AIDS and other medical equipment. "Looking back at the tentative tax rate adjustment in recent years, the goal of reducing the economic burden of patients and improving people’s health and well-being is clear." Xu Guangjian, a professor at the School of Public Administration of Renmin University of China, said.

The notice clearly stated that in 2022, import tariffs on some consumer goods will be reduced, including high-quality aquatic products such as salmon and cod, baby clothes, dishwashers, ski equipment, etc. It will also impose zero tariffs on works of art such as oil paintings over 100 years old.

"Reducing import tariffs on these products closely related to people’s lives can better meet people’s consumption upgrading needs and better meet people’s yearning for a better life." Guo Yongxin, secretary general of China National Light Industry Federation, said.

Promote transformation and upgrading, and adjust the provisional tax rates for some environmental products and key components.

Promoting green and low-carbon development is a highlight of this tariff adjustment. According to the notice, in 2022, import tariffs will be reduced for gasoline engine particulate traps, electronic throttle valves for automobiles, and peat that can be used for soil remediation.

Huang Yonghe, a senior expert at China Automotive Technology and Research Center, said that gasoline engine particulate traps, electronic throttle valves and other products are important parts to promote energy saving and emission reduction of automobiles. After reducing tariffs, it will help support the green and low-carbon development of the automobile industry.

A number of tariff adjustments help optimize and upgrade the manufacturing industry. For example, in 2022, the import tariffs on key parts such as high purity graphite accessories, high-voltage cables for high-speed trains, membrane electrode assemblies and bipolar plates for fuel cells will be reduced, and the import tariffs on raw materials needed by food processing, daily chemical and leather manufacturing industries such as cocoa beans, plant essential oils and animal skins will be reduced.

In addition, from July 1, 2022, China will also implement the seventh step of reducing the MFN tariff rate of 62 information technology products, and its average tax rate will be reduced from 3.4% to 1.7%.

According to industry insiders, these measures are based on domestic development needs, which is conducive to maintaining the security and stability of the domestic industrial chain supply chain, supporting scientific and technological innovation and industrial transformation and upgrading, and promoting green and low-carbon development.

Promote high-level opening to the outside world and adjust the relevant agreed tax rates.

In order to continuously promote high-level opening up, according to the free trade agreements and preferential trade arrangements signed between China and relevant countries or regions, some commodities originating in 29 countries or regions will be subject to agreed tax rates in 2022.

Among them, China and New Zealand, Peru, Costa Rica, Switzerland, Iceland, South Korea, Australia, Pakistan, Georgia, Mauritius and other bilateral free trade agreements and Asia-Pacific trade agreements will further reduce taxes; Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) and China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement came into effect on January 1, 2022, and tax reduction was implemented.

It is worth noting that the China-Cambodia FTA is the first FTA between China and the least developed countries. "China and Cambodia have given each other 97.5% and 90% of the tax items for zero-tariff products in goods trade, which is the highest level in all FTA negotiations between the two sides so far and will help enhance the well-being of enterprises and people of the two countries." The relevant person in charge of the Customs Department of the Ministry of Finance said.

In terms of regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement, China will reach a tariff concession arrangement with Japan for the first time. "In the first year of tax reduction, according to the tariff items in 2022, China and Japan will immediately implement zero tariffs on tax items originating in the other side of 24.9% and 55.5% respectively. For related companies, more market opportunities will soon be available. " Cui Fan, a professor at university of international business and economics, said.

In addition, the reporter learned that the State Council Customs Tariff Commission issued an announcement on the same day, expanding the range of products exported to China by the least developed countries that have established diplomatic relations with China, giving the least developed countries 98% of the tax items with zero tariff treatment, and agricultural products such as peanut oil and chemicals such as polyethylene will be included in the scope of zero tariff treatment.

"This will further promote China’s imports from relevant African countries, promote the construction of a high-level community of destiny between China and Africa, further share market opportunities with the least developed countries, and practice mutual benefit and win-win." The relevant person in charge of the Customs Department of the Ministry of Finance said.

Central Meteorological Observatory: There will be heavy snowstorms in Guizhou, Hunan, Chongqing and Hubei.

  CCTV News:According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that there will be a rain and snow weather process in southwest China, Jiangnan and South China from the night of December 26 to 29, and there will be heavy snowstorms in Guizhou, Hunan, Chongqing, Hubei and Tibet. The main snowfall period in this process is from the night of the 27th to the 28th, of which the night of the 27th is the strongest snowfall period. Please pay attention to the latest forecast and early warning information released by the meteorological department in the above areas, and do a good job in cold protection and travel planning.

  During the process, there were small to medium snow or sleet in southeastern Tibet, northern Yunnan, western Sichuan Plateau, southeastern Chongqing, Guizhou, western and northern Hunan, western Hubei, southern Anhui, northwestern Zhejiang and other places, and heavy snowstorms occurred in central and eastern Guizhou, western Hunan, southeastern Chongqing, southwestern Hubei, southeastern Tibet and other places, with accumulated snowfall of 8-12mm and local snowfall of 15-18mm. The newly added snow depth in Guizhou, western Hunan, southeastern Chongqing, southwestern Hubei and southeastern Tibet is 4-10 cm, and the local area in eastern Guizhou, western Hunan and southeastern Tibet can reach 12-16 cm.

  In addition, there is freezing rain in western Guizhou. There are light rains in Sichuan Basin, south-central Yunnan, southern Hunan, most of Jiangxi, most of Zhejiang, northern Fujian, Guangxi, northern Guangdong and other places, with local moderate rain.

  In addition, from December 31 to January 2, 2023, a new cold air will affect the central and eastern regions of China. During this period, the temperature in most areas will drop by 4 ~ 6 C, and the local drop can reach about 8 C. The area north of the Yangtze River is accompanied by northerly winds of 4 ~ 5. There will be light snow or sleet in the southeast of northwest China, Huanghuai, northern Jianghuai, Jianghan, western Hunan and northern Guizhou, and light rain in southern Jianghuai, northern Jiangnan and eastern Sichuan.

  Meteorologists reminded that there will be rain and snow in Tibet, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang and other places, and there will be freezing rain in western Guizhou. The public should make travel plans in advance and pay attention to traffic safety; Add clothes in time to keep warm, and beware of the adverse effects of continuous low temperature weather on human health.

Accelerating the process of local legislation in Henan Province provides legal support for the scientific development of meteorological undertakings.

  Since the promulgation and implementation of the Meteorological Law, Henan Meteorological Bureau has always regarded strengthening legislation as an important task to implement the Meteorological Law and change the development mode of meteorological undertakings. Up to now, the provincial people’s congress has promulgated three local regulations and the provincial government has promulgated four government regulations. The meteorological cause in our province has basically formed a good situation with laws to follow, which has effectively promoted the development of meteorological cause.

  

  I. Legislation during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period

  During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, Henan Meteorological Bureau actively promoted local meteorological legislation, further improved the local meteorological laws and regulations system, and continuously improved the quality of legislation. On March 26th, 2009, the Eighth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th People’s Congress of Henan Province deliberated and passed the Regulations on Meteorological Disaster Prevention in Henan Province, which came into effect on July 1st. The meteorological disaster prevention in Henan Province has entered a new stage from administrative management to legal management, and the regulations have been highly praised by the main leaders of China Meteorological Bureau. In December 2009, the provincial government revised and improved the Measures for the Issuance and Dissemination of Meteorological Disaster Early Warning Signals in Henan Province (Decree No.128 of the People’s Government of Henan Province), which further standardized the dissemination of meteorological disaster early warning information. In January 2012, Decree No.145 of the People’s Government of Henan Province promulgated and implemented the Measures for Environmental Protection of Meteorological Facilities and Meteorological Detection in Henan Province. In the past five years, the provincial government has successively issued Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Meteorological Undertakings (Yu Zheng [2006] No.61), Opinions on Strengthening the Prevention of Meteorological Disasters (Yu Zheng [2007] No.74), Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Meteorological Service System for Agriculture (Yu Zheng Ban [2010] No.106), and Opinions on Printing and Distributing Henan Province.

  In addition, the Henan Provincial Bureau has also issued a series of supporting normative documents. Issued the Measures for the Administration of Subject Qualification of Meteorological Administrative Law Enforcement in Henan Province, the Measures for the Administration of Meteorological Administrative Law Enforcement Personnel in Henan Province, the Measures for the Evaluation of Meteorological Administrative Law Enforcement Files in Henan Province, the Measures for the Statistical Report of Meteorological Administrative Law Enforcement Filing in Henan Province, the Measures for the Guarantee of Meteorological Administrative Law Enforcement Funds in Henan Province, the Measures for the Evaluation and Assessment of Meteorological Administrative Law Enforcement in Henan Province, the Measures for the Investigation of Fault Responsibility of Meteorological Administrative Law Enforcement in Henan Province, and the Standards for Meteorological Administrative Law Enforcement in Henan Province. The detailed rules for the implementation of the release and dissemination of meteorological disaster warning signals in Henan Province, the measures for the release of meteorological disaster warning in Henan Province (for Trial Implementation), the measures for the record management of lightning protection engineering design and construction by enterprises outside Henan Province, the measures for the record management of lightning protection products in Henan Province and other normative documents, and passed the record review by the provincial government.

  

  Second, the main experience of legislation

  (1) Raising awareness is the prerequisite. Improving ideological understanding is an important prerequisite for doing a good job in local meteorological legislation. Although the promulgation and implementation of Meteorological Law provides a legal basis for the rapid and scientific development of China’s meteorological cause, it is a programmatic law to regulate the development of meteorological cause after all. Because the situation in different parts of the country is different, the development of meteorological cause is uneven and uncoordinated, and the priorities of the contents that need to be standardized are different, it is necessary to formulate a feasible legal system with local characteristics in combination with local conditions. Over the years, the People’s Congress of Henan Province, the provincial government and the Provincial Meteorological Bureau have attached great importance to local meteorological legislation, and fully realized that accelerating local meteorological legislation plays an important role in promoting the scientific development of meteorological administration and meteorological undertakings in our province, developing according to law, and fully fulfilling the functions of meteorological social management and public service.

  (2) Strengthening leadership is the key. Every time a local law or regulation is promulgated, from project declaration to legislative drafting, there are many things to be coordinated, and there are many research contents, procedures and long periods. All aspects need the leadership of the provincial bureau to organize and coordinate. The leaders of Henan Provincial Bureau attach great importance to the legislative work, and the main leaders and leaders in charge of the Provincial Bureau have repeatedly visited the provincial people’s congress and the provincial government to actively communicate and strive for it. After the legislative project is determined, the provincial bureau lists special funds to ensure the necessary expenditure. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the Provincial Bureau listed a total of 300,000 yuan of special funds as legislative funds. The drafting of laws and regulations is an arduous task. The leaders of the provincial bureau timely coordinate the relevant functional offices, draw out high-quality talents who know the major, and form a strong drafting team to ensure sufficient time and concentrate on writing the draft. Every time the draft demonstration meeting, the main leaders and leaders in charge of the provincial bureau personally participated. For example, during the demonstration of the draft Measures for Environmental Protection of Meteorological Facilities and Meteorological Detection in Henan Province, the main leaders of the Provincial Bureau participated in the demonstration meeting twice.

  (3) Choosing the right project is the foundation. Henan is a big province of agriculture, population and tourism. It is not only a province rich in climate resources, but also a province with frequent meteorological disasters and serious meteorological disasters. In 2008, Henan suffered from freezing rain and snow, and in 2009, it suffered from drought in autumn, winter and spring. With the aim of serving the overall situation of Henan’s social and economic development and disaster prevention and reduction, Henan Meteorological Bureau took the initiative, conducted in-depth research and fully demonstrated, and timely strived for the Provincial People’s Congress and the provincial government to list the Regulations on the Prevention of Meteorological Disasters in Henan Province and the Measures for the Release and Dissemination of Early Warning Signals of Meteorological Disasters in Henan Province as legislative items.

  (D) Enhancing practicality is the goal. As the "basic law" to regulate the development of meteorological undertakings, the provisions of Meteorological Law are macro and general, which requires local legislation to be as detailed as possible, and to enhance practicality as the legislative purpose, so that local legislation has strong pertinence and operability. For example, although both the Meteorological Law and the Meteorological Regulations of Henan Province set up a chapter to regulate "meteorological disaster prevention", there are no provisions on meteorological disaster prevention plans, emergency plans and the formulation of defensive measures. Therefore, when formulating the Regulations on Meteorological Disaster Prevention in Henan Province, the first article clearly stipulates that the legislative purpose of the regulations on meteorological disaster prevention is to strengthen the prevention of meteorological disasters. In order to achieve this legislative purpose, the regulations always adhere to this legislative purpose in all chapters, striving to achieve detailed content, sound working mechanism, clear responsibilities of the government and relevant departments, and strong defensive measures. On the basis of the frequent occurrence of meteorological disasters such as drought and rainstorm in Henan, the legislation focuses on establishing and improving three mechanisms of prevention, early warning and disaster reduction, which enhances the pertinence and operability of the regulations.

  (5) Strengthening communication is an important link. In the process of reporting and drafting legislative projects, Henan Meteorological Bureau actively strengthened communication with the Legislative Affairs Office of the provincial people’s congress and the provincial government, asking for more instructions, reporting more and publicizing more, so that they fully understood the necessity and urgency of each piece of legislation. I have accompanied the relevant leaders of the provincial people’s congress and the provincial government and the specific responsible personnel of legislation to the brother provinces with advanced legislative work for investigation and investigation, and actively strive for their understanding and support. Every local legislative project involves the conflict between some important departments and sensitive issues. Therefore, our bureau analyzes the possible obstacles in the legislative process of each regulation in advance, and communicates with the departments that may raise objections in time to ensure the smooth passage of the draft for comment.

  (six) to play the role of functional departments is the guarantee. Local meteorological legislation is an overall work, involving all aspects of meteorological work, which cannot be completed by the policy and regulation departments alone. From the declaration of legislative items to the drafting and revision of texts, relevant functional departments need to support each other, coordinate with each other, cooperate with each other and complete together. Only by giving full play to the synergy of relevant functional departments and forming joint forces can we ensure the smooth progress of meteorological legislation and the high quality of legislative results. As the lead department of legislation, the Law Department will encounter various problems in its work, especially the time conflict with the daily work arrangement. While arranging all the work reasonably, the Law Department always takes the legislative work as the top priority, giving priority to the arrangement and deployment, so as to ensure the smooth and successful completion of the legislative work.

  

  Third, the "Twelfth Five-Year" legislative plan

  (1) Legislative thinking. Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, adhere to the general plan of governing the country according to law, adapt to the requirements of the construction of meteorological rule of law and the transformation of meteorological development mode, actively contact and communicate with the provincial people’s congress and the functional departments of the provincial government according to the legislative project plan of China Meteorological Bureau from 2011 to 2020, and reserve new local legislative projects. According to the requirements of "priority and urgency", determine the legislative projects, make them mature, introduce them and gradually put them in place. Attach great importance to the quality of legislation and enhance the pertinence and operability of the content. Try to speed up the legislative progress, improve the legislative system, and ensure and promote the sound and rapid development of meteorological undertakings in our province.

  (2) Project planning. Henan is a province with large climate resources and severe meteorological disasters. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, we should actively strive for and do a good job in the legislation of local laws and regulations such as Regulations on the Development, Utilization and Protection of Climate Resources in Henan Province, Regulations on the Management of Meteorological Services in Henan Province and Regulations on the Prevention of Lightning Disasters in Henan Province. The Regulations on the Development, Utilization and Protection of Climate Resources in Henan Province mainly regulates the development, utilization and protection of climate resources in our province, broadens the utilization field of climate resources, improves the utilization rate of climate resources, enhances the awareness of climate resources of the whole people, promotes the protection of climate resources, prevents the destruction of climate resources by human activities, and realizes the coordinated development of climate resources, society and economy; The Regulations on Meteorological Services in Henan Province is mainly to further strengthen, standardize and develop meteorological services, accurately locate the nature of different types of meteorological services, straighten out various social relations formed in meteorological services, continuously improve the efficiency of meteorological services, and provide accurate, timely, high-quality and efficient meteorological services for economic and social development; The Regulations on Lightning Disaster Prevention in Henan Province aims at strengthening lightning protection management, avoiding and mitigating lightning disasters, safeguarding people’s lives and property safety and promoting sustainable economic and social development.

  Strive to issue government regulations such as "Henan Province Climate Feasibility Demonstration Measures" and "Henan Province Lightning Disaster Risk Assessment Measures" as soon as possible. As soon as possible, the Provincial Bureau has formulated normative documents such as Measures for the Management of Lightning Disaster Risk Assessment Qualification in Henan Province, Measures for the Management of Lightning Protection Products Filing in Henan Province (Revised), Measures for the Management of Lightning Protection Device Detection and Measures for the Management of Meteorological Data in Henan Province.

  

  Iv. legislative suggestions

  (1) Improve the legislative level. After more than ten years of practice, China’s meteorological legislation system has basically taken shape, which has played an active role in safeguarding and promoting the development of meteorological undertakings. However, there is still a certain gap with the requirements of economic and social development, meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation, and response to climate change for meteorological legislation. The existing meteorological laws and regulations are not high enough, mostly below administrative regulations, and the legal authority is not enough. It is suggested that administrative regulations should be upgraded to laws and the legislative level should be improved.

  (2) Strengthening legislation on public meteorological services. Public meteorological service is an important part of building a service-oriented department. With the continuous strengthening of public service functions and the promotion of equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, the demand of urban and rural people for diversified and high-quality meteorological services is increasingly urgent, and it is required to continuously improve the public service system and actively innovate public service methods to provide more and better public services for the public. In order to standardize management and ensure the orderly development of public meteorological services according to law, it is suggested to further strengthen the legislation on public meteorological services.

  (Editor: Sun Wei)

Oral History | Ling Xiuzhen: Nursing is my lifelong career.

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Biography of characters

Ling Xiuzhen, born in December 1923 in Anxin, Hebei Province, is a famous nursing expert. In December, 1941, he graduated from the Senior Nurse School of Boji Hospital in Shangdong County because of the Pacific War. In January, 1948, he graduated from the Senior Nurse School of Renshu Hospital in Taigu, Shanxi Province, and worked in the Seventh Epidemic Prevention Brigade of Taiyuan City, Beijing Dongsi Qianliang Hutong Maternal and Infant Health Center, and Beijing Fuyou Street Nankou Children’s Hospital. Entered in December 1948, and successively rotated in outpatient department, internal medicine ward, foreign guest ward and obstetrics and gynecology ward. From 1952 to 1953, he joined the voluntary operation team to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, and successively served as the head nurse and secretary of the operation team in the supply room. He was awarded the third-class merit for his outstanding performance. From 1953 to 1990, he served as head nurse in neurology ward and outpatient department. He was a member of the Nursing Committee of the First Academic Committee of China Academy of Medical Sciences.

Ling Xiuzhen loves nursing and always practices the concept of serving patients wholeheartedly in her work. She has been rated as an advanced worker and excellent nurse in the hospital for many times. Under her leadership, the neurology ward has been rated as an advanced ward for many years. In 1982, he was awarded the title of Beijing Model Worker in 1981 by the Beijing Municipal People’s Government, the title of National March 8th Red Flag Bearer by the All-China Women’s Federation in 1983, the title of Excellent Communist party member by Peking Union Medical College Hospital in 1991, and the title of directly under the authority Excellent Communist party member by the National Health and Wellness Commission in 2021.

Wonderful moment

Excerpts from interviews

Rough study will eventually lead to angels in white’s dream

Lin Dong (hereinafter referred to as "Dong"):Where are you from? What was life like as a child?

Ling Xiuzhen (hereinafter referred to as "Ling"): I was born in a poor peasant family in Zengjiazhuang, Anxin County, Hebei Province on November 15th, 1923. Farming is the main task at home, because near Baiyangdian, my father sometimes cooks fish and my mother spins and weaves, thus making a living. When I was a child, I went to primary school in the village for a few days, but later I stopped going because of difficulties at home.

When I was about 11 years old, an American missionary of Baoding Presbyterian Church was also the head nurse of Silo Hospital in Xiguan Presbyterian Church in Baoding. Her name was Kai Aide. She came to our village with several people to preach and treat the villagers. At that time, I had a serious trachoma, and they treated me patiently, and it didn’t take long for me to be cured. They also taught me to read and sing. Kai Aide saw that I was smart, and he heard that my aunt was studying at Xiguan Presbyterian Church School in Baoding, so he discussed with my family and wanted to take me to Baoding to study with my aunt, which was funded by the church. Considering that there are many children at home and life is difficult, my parents agreed.

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▲ Ling Xiuzhen in primary school

In 1935, I left home and went to Baoding to go to my aunt. I started primary school in Baoding Xiguan Gospel Girls’ School and graduated from high school in September 1938. After graduation, there was no funding from the church. A primary school teacher introduced me to Tongxian Fuyu Girls’ Middle School [1] for junior high school. This is a work-study school founded by the Christian Congregation, which takes care of the poor, and my conditions are just right.

Dong:How did you continue your studies without church support? Did you ask your family for help?

Ling: Shortly after I left home, the Japanese army invaded Baoding [2]. Anxin County was an anti-Japanese guerrilla zone. Under the war, I was cut off from my family. It was not until Beiping was peacefully liberated in 1949 that I got in touch with my family again.

I haven’t seen Kai Aide since I left Baoding to attend junior high school in Tongxian County. Later, I heard that she has returned to the United States. Fuyu Girls’ Middle School is also a missionary school. After studying, students make cross-flowers by hand and process them into tablecloths and pillow towels. The principal sells the finished products, and the money sold is used to help us poor students. I didn’t have a place to go during the summer vacation, so I stayed at school to continue to do handicrafts and earn some money. My life depended on this until I graduated from middle school in 1941.

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▲ In June, 1941, Class 1941 of Fuyu Girls’ Middle School sent a group photo of Baoding’s graduating fellow villagers, and Ling Xiuzhen was the third from the left in the front row.

Dong:Is it your ideal to be a nurse?

Ling: I have long liked nurses. When I was a child, I got trachoma, and the nurse in the mission hospital cured me for free. I am particularly grateful. It would be great to cure the disease in the countryside without spending money. I also want to have the ability to help people treat diseases. When I was in primary school, there was a missionary hospital next to the school. I often saw nurses dressed in white clothes, like angels, and I thought they were beautiful and envied their lives. Since then, I have liked the profession of nurses.

When I graduated from junior high school, the Senior Nurse School of Boji Hospital in Dexian County, Shandong Province [3] came to recruit students. Considering that I have no financial resources and can’t get in touch with my family, I can study as a nurse for the time being without spending money. I also like this profession, so I signed up with my good friend Zhang Shumin [4], and her situation is similar to mine. This nursing school is also a missionary school. The principal is a foreigner, and tuition and meals are free. In order to save money for the trip to Shandong, after graduating from junior high school, Zhang Shumin and I continued to do manual work of picking flowers at school for two months.

In September 1941, we arrived in Shandong. However, I only attended classes for more than two months. In December, the Pacific War broke out. Because the hospitals and nursing schools were in the charge of Americans, Japanese soldiers came soon and announced the closure of hospitals and the dissolution of nursing schools.

Dong:Where did you go after the school was dissolved?

Ling: The nursing school with food and shelter was dissolved, and Zhang Shumin and I had no place to live. We had a primary school teacher named Liu Lanfang, who was working in Tianjin Enguang Hospital, so we went to Tianjin to find a teacher. A friend of the teacher is an old lady, and her lover works as a personnel worker in Beiyang Spinning Factory, Haihe Road, Tianjin, so she introduced us to the factory as female workers.

In the spinning mill, we work 12 hours a day, starting at six in the morning and leaving at six in the evening. Every day, we often don’t see the sun at the end of the day. The factory also stipulates that workers can’t go through the main entrance after work, but only through the small door at the back. They have to be searched from head to toe when leaving the factory, which is greatly insulted. Therefore, Zhang Shumin and I rarely leave the factory, only occasionally go out to see the teacher.

We have worked in Beiyang spinning mill for 20 months, and the monthly salary is only enough to buy a bag of flour. At that time, I mainly wanted to find a place to live. I could earn some money to support myself by working, and I could also save some money, so that I could continue to study in a nursing school later.

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▲ In 1942, Ling Xiuzhen (third from left) and Zhang Shumin (third from right) took a group photo with the workers in the spinning mill.

Dong:What kind of opportunity did you have to return to school later?

Ling: In August, 1943, the opportunity came to continue studying nursing school. Teacher Liu told us that the nursing school of Shanxi Taigu Renshu Hospital [5] is recruiting students, and there are our classmates there. Hearing this news, we were so happy that we contacted our classmates as soon as possible. Zhang Shumin and I scrimped and saved a little money, but it was easy to lose money in those days [6], so we bought some flower cloth to take with us, and then we wanted to exchange it for money, so we left the spinning mill and went to Shanxi.

Dong:How do you feel about going back to the nursing school again? What is study and life like?

Ling: I left the spinning mill in darkness and went back to the nursing school that I had been looking forward to day and night. I was in a very happy mood and made up my mind to study hard and become a nurse. The study content of nursing school is similar to that of now, including culture class, operation class, anatomy, pharmacology and so on. After the theoretical class, there will be clinical practice in Renshu Hospital. At that time, I got good grades in my homework and nursing skills, and I won a scholarship. Although I only had a few dollars, I felt great. But I didn’t expect that in December 1944, the Japanese army invaded the hospital and the nursing school was closed.

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▲ Ling Xiuzhen during her study in nursing school.

Dong:Forced to leave school again, where did you go?

Ling: After the school closed, many students went home, and my life with Zhang Shumin was lost. I feel very sad because my nursing studies have not been completed. At that time, three sisters Liu Jialan, Liu Jiahui and Liu Jiaqi who had worked with us in Beiyang Spinning Factory also left Tianjin to work in Yangquan. Hearing that we had nowhere to go, they took us to Yangquan. After arriving in Yangquan, I didn’t dare to go out at all. The streets were full of Japanese soldiers and I stayed at home all day. Later, with the help of Wang Jingguo, the husband of my middle school classmate Rong Fenglan, Zhang Shumin and I found a job temporarily. I was introduced to the business office of Yangquan Electric Company to copy the user’s electricity meter and electricity bill.

In 1946, on the second day of the first lunar month, Taigu Renshu Hospital resumed nursing school. After getting the news, Zhang Shumin and I hurried back to Taigu to continue our education until we graduated in January 1948. My nursing school can be regarded as finished, which adds up to nearly four years.

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▲ A photo of the teachers and students of the Senior Nursing School of Shanxi Taigu Renshu Hospital, with Ling Xiuzhen in the front row and Zhang Shumin in the fifth right.

Dong:Looking back on this tortuous life and school experience, what do you think?

Ling: This experience has a great influence on me. People’s life is not easy. If you want to live, you have to struggle, and you have to do everything well, otherwise you may not have the opportunity to continue doing this job. If I work in a cotton mill, if I don’t work by the hour, people won’t want you. So is learning to be a nurse. If you don’t study hard, people won’t want you. Especially in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression’s time, it was not easy, so we had to struggle on our own and be a good person. Of course, I also relied on the help of teachers and classmates in this period. They introduced me to work, and I worked hard to earn some money to finish the nursing school, otherwise it wouldn’t work.

Toss and turn to the west and the east to determine the concord.

Dong:What’s your first job after graduation? Did you get your dream of being a nurse?

Ling: When I graduated, there was a Seventh Epidemic Prevention Brigade in Taiyuan. Several nurses in the team graduated from our school, so they introduced us to the past. Their main job was to get vaccination.

Six months later, the captain’s secretary was going back to Beijing. Several people in our team discussed with him and wanted to come together. He agreed. Taking this opportunity, I was also brought to Beijing. I came by plane. It was my first time to fly. A classmate’s brother worked at the airport and helped to buy a plane ticket, so friends helped me everywhere.

After arriving in Beijing, through the introduction of Wang Dimin, the former captain of the epidemic prevention brigade, our lesbians were arranged to help in Dongsi Qianliang Hutong Maternal and Infant Health Center and work as nurses. After working for about a month, my colleague Lu Yueying introduced me to the children’s hospital at the south exit of Fuyou Street, where I worked as a night nurse for another month.

Dong:How did you come to work in Peking Union Medical College Hospital?

Ling: In November 1948, a colleague from Taiyuan, Beijing, called me back to the newly established Eleventh Epidemic Prevention Brigade in Qianliang Hutong, which organized doctors and nurses to go to the countryside for epidemic prevention. I still want to be a nurse in the hospital, so I’m going to find another place to work. I discussed with Zhang Shumin and other friends, and they all advised me to come to Concord. I was worried that I was from a nursing school in a small hospital, and I was afraid that I could not keep up with my work, but they encouraged me to try. Zhang Shumin asked for a nurse registration form for me, so I got up the courage and came to Concord with my diploma in nursing school in Renshu Hospital.

I went in from the west gate of the hospital, walked to the nursing department office downstairs in Building 5 of the old building, and found Nie Yuchan, the director of the nursing department. She was the first person I met in Concord. I handed her my diploma. She asked me about my previous work and whether I had ever been to Concord. After chatting for a while, she said, "OK, come for a physical examination on the 13th, and go to work if there is nothing wrong with the physical examination." She is very capable and kind, and she is very organized and decisive.

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▲ Ling Xiuzhen (right) and Zhang Shumin (left) took a group photo in front of the Union Nurse Building.

This is the result I am looking forward to, and I am very happy in my heart. One is that I have a fixed job, and the other is that I have finally stabilized. On December 13, 1948, I officially entered Concord, and I have been a Concord person since then. Until I left Concord in the Spring Festival of 1990, I spent most of my life in Concord, so my feelings for Concord are closer than home.

Dong:What impressed you when you first entered the Union Medical College Hospital? What are the differences between nursing work and before?

Ling: After I arrived at Concord, the first thing I felt was the grandeur of the building, which was my first impression. The equipment and facilities are good in all aspects, so it is very convenient to work. Like Shanxi Taigu Renshu Hospital, the conditions are worse, and many of them are simple because of their ignorance.

The other is that the attitude towards patients is really good. After work, I was assigned to the outpatient clinic, which is located on the first floor of Building No.10 in the current old building, mainly to accompany patients to see doctors. I especially remember that a mother came to see a doctor with a child of six or seven years old. The child had a sore on her leg and cried and was afraid to see the doctor. Wu Weiran [8], a doctor who makes house calls, has a particularly good attitude, speaks gently and has skills. When the child chats with him, he stops crying. Dr. Wu Weiran puts the child in his arms and sees the disease. The nurse next to him also said, "Little friend, I’ll get it for you. It doesn’t hurt." When the doctor said this and the nurse was so coaxed, the child stopped crying and went with the nurse to change the medicine. I went behind my mother and followed the nurse. Look how much this has changed. I watched, thinking how good this doctor is, how good this nurse is, and patients don’t suffer. This is my education, so I also learn from them in my later work and never yell at patients.

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▲ Ling Xiuzhen (right) and colleagues took a group photo at the platform of the old building of Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

Later, I was transferred from the outpatient department to the obstetrics and gynecology department, and after a period of time, I went to the internal medicine department. At that time, the internal medicine ward was on the second floor of Building 8 of the old building, and the head nurse was Li Yixiu, who graduated from Concord Nursing School. She is very strict and has given me a lot of education. For example, I can’t talk loudly in the ward, I can’t wear hard-soled shoes, and I can’t eat delicious food such as garlic and onions during work. In addition, when you go to work, you should patrol the patient’s bed more, and you can’t get together and chat in the office. She is also very strict in checking. When she sees what you did wrong, she points it out at once, and then checks it after you finish. I don’t know when she will stand behind you and look at you at work. She often gives lectures at morning meetings and encourages us to talk to patients more. I learned a lot of nursing knowledge from her. I think nurses should be like this, serious and solemn, but also cute and gentle.

After coming out of the internal medicine ward, I went to work in the foreign guest ward for a while. In 1951, the hospital wanted to set up a separate neuropsychiatric department, so I was transferred to the neuropsychiatric ward.

Dong:What are the characteristics of the work in the neuropsychiatric ward?

Ling: In order to prevent mental patients from jumping off buildings, the neuropsychiatric ward is located in Building 8 of the old building, with more than 20 beds. The ward is divided into a big room and a small room, and there is a place like a living room in the middle, where patients can do manual work and have work and entertainment treatment. Guo Jufen, the head nurse, also graduated from Xiehe Nursing School, and her working methods and attitude also made me very educated. Different from the patients in the internal medicine ward, the owners of neuropsychiatric diseases are mainly schizophrenic patients, some of whom are completely unconscious, others are clear and sometimes unconscious. In addition to medical and nursing work, we should also prevent them from committing suicide and hurting others. At that time, there were two or three male nurses in the ward, and each staff member had a key. The door should be kept locked, otherwise the patient would run out. Once, a patient ran out and shouted, "I ran, I ran!" " As a result, he was stopped by the doorman and called us quickly.

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▲ Ling Xiuzhen (third from left) took a group photo with her colleagues in neuropsychiatric department. On the left, Wang Jichu, on the left, Guo Jufen and on the right, Hou Can.

Later, the neuropsychiatry was changed to neurology, and the ward was moved to the first floor of Building No.8 in the old building, and the number of beds was increased to more than 40. No mental patients were treated, only patients with basically clear consciousness and neuroorganic diseases were treated, among whom there were many comas and urinary incontinence. The patient’s situation is different, and the focus of nursing work is different. The nursing workload of neurology department is very heavy. Take the urine pad replacement of patients with urinary incontinence as an example. Half of the urine pads in the hospital are used in neurology wards, which shows that the number of changes is frequent and many people use them.

To resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea and care for the loveliest people.

Dong:Please talk about your experience in participating in the volunteer surgery team to resist US aggression and aid Korea.

Ling: At the end of 1950, Beijing set up a voluntary surgical team to resist US aggression and aid Korea, and called on all hospitals to actively register. I thought it was a glorious thing, so I signed up. After being approved by the hospital, in April 1952, I followed the surgical team to the 13th Army Hospital in Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, which was the rear battlefield of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and all the wounded soldiers who came back from the front were treated there.

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▲ In 1951, Ling Xiuzhen (first from the right) and his colleagues took a picture under the banner of "Donating Clinic to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea" in the west gate of the old building of Xiehe, with Kuang Bacon on the fifth from the right and Guo Jufen on the sixth.

After I went, I worked as a head nurse in the supply room. At that time, there were many surgical operations. The supply room in their hospital was quite large, and there were several little nurses there. We exchanged experiences. I introduced the situation of Concord to them, and everyone cooperated happily. Although I have never worked in the supply room before, the general nurses know which surgical instruments should be packaged, which should be steamed and how long it should be disinfected. In fact, it is material management. I combined the specific situation at that time and discussed the process with them to make the work more convenient.

After the work was carried out in an orderly manner, I made time to go to the ward. I saw that the soldiers had only one eye, some had missing arms, some had broken legs, some had missing ears, and some had only half their faces … I was particularly unhappy. I will try my best to help them, such as writing letters, reading newspapers and telling stories. But I think it’s more important that they told me how they killed the enemy at the front and how they got their injuries. They were all heroic and selfless acts, which taught me a lot. I think they are really lovely and respectable.

In this way, I ran to the ward as soon as I was free, and I gradually became familiar with the soldiers. Sometimes when I was late or didn’t go all day, they asked me, "Why are you late today?" "Why didn’t you come yesterday?" Everyone has a lot of affection for each other. Some soldiers gave me photos as souvenirs when they left the hospital, and some said to me, "Head nurse, I’m leaving. I don’t know when I can meet again!" They need psychological comfort and help, but while helping them, I am more educated.

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▲ In 1952, Ling Xiuzhen (left) took a group photo with his colleagues in the surgical team at the 13th Army Hospital.

Dong:How long have you worked there?

Ling: The operation team rotates every four months. Originally, it was stipulated that everyone only participated in one phase. After I finished my first phase as head nurse, the organization arranged for me to stay and continue to work as the secretary of the operation team. At that time, the team leader was Zhang Jinzhe [9]. So I returned to Concord in early 1953 and worked there for less than a year.

There was tension and happiness in that life. The soldiers in the ward and our diet were good. After dinner, everyone gave back a big apple and put it on the bed, which meant peace. Xingcheng is near the sea. Every Sunday, the team members can go to the sea together. I also use my spare time to organize employees of the 13th Army Hospital to play basketball with the surgical team.

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▲ In 1952, Ling Xiuzhen (second from the right in the back row) enriched the amateur life of the volunteer surgical team to resist US aggression and aid Korea by organizing basketball games and other cultural and sports activities.

Dong:What impact does this work experience have on you?

Ling: I haven’t done much work in recent months. If I have time, I can do more. The deeds of the volunteers should be publicized. They fought bravely at the front line, paying for us and bleeding for us. What should we do? We should at least help. After I come back, I often think of those soldiers, especially those who meet soldiers at work. I will be very kind to them. Before I went to work in Concord, I tried my best to live. After I joined the volunteer operation team to resist US aggression and aid Korea, I wanted to not only live, but also know why I lived. This experience is really a great education for me, and I didn’t go in vain.

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▲ In 1952, Ling Xiuzhen (second from left) and Zhang Jinzhe (third from left) took a group photo with the military instructors.

Everyone is in charge and manages the ward together

Dong:After you came back from the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, you worked as a head nurse in a neurological ward for more than 30 years. What did you learn from being a head nurse?

Ling: The management of the ward mainly depends on the head nurse. The nurses have done the specific operation. The head nurse should worry more about the management. If there is something to discuss, let’s unite as a fist and move forward. It’s very important for the head nurse to take the lead. If you just say no, you have to do it, and you have to be sincere. If you are sincere, you will keep your word, and comrades will see it.

After working for decades, I have never had a knot in my heart with anyone, but I am very honest with them, so that everyone is happy and the work is done well. At present, our comrades on the eighth floor still often get together and miss their work. This friendship was formed by helping each other and uniting with each other at work. So I think it’s easy and not easy to be a head nurse.

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▲ Ling Xiuzhen works in the ward.

Dong:Do you have any innovative practices in nursing work?

Ling: Shame, there is no innovation in my life, just trying to do a good job in ordinary work.

After the downfall of the Gang of Four, the hospital called for rectifying wards, strengthening clinical nursing and improving the quality of medical care. How to do it? I discussed it with my comrades, and everyone came up with ideas. Some old comrades suggested that we should restore the effective system in the past. We classify the work of the ward, so that "everyone is in charge of everything, and everyone is in charge", and everyone is the master of the house.

Rectifying the ward begins with the companion system. At that time, there were 43 beds, 23 accompanying family members, plus doctors and nurses, and dozens of people were going back and forth in the ward. It was really chaotic. Some people said that our ward was a small Dongan market, so we must reduce our companionship. There was a patient who was completely paralyzed, but he was conscious and weighed more than 200 kilograms. More than one person at home took care of him, and two nurses in the ward struggled to turn him over. Hearing that the ward asked the family members not to accompany the bed, the patient immediately began to cry, and the family members were also uncomfortable. We patiently explained to him, and the comrades also took good care of him. Three days later, the patient said, "Head nurse, I don’t need my family to accompany me. You are doing better than them!" We have completed the task of the hospital, and the patients feel quite good, which is the result of our joint efforts.

To prevent patients from falling out of bed, one of our nurse comrades, Lao Sun, thought that patients fell because there were no fences on both sides of the bed, so it might be useful to weave nets. I brought him a thick rope, and he made a net and put it on both sides of the bed, so that the patient was safe. When a nurse visited, she found a patient in a net bag, so she quickly got him up. So for so many years, we have never had a patient fall.

Ward clothing management is also a difficult problem, because there are many serious patients and frequent changes, we will arrange special personnel to take charge of it, set a number of rules, and strengthen the inventory when handing over to the laundry room to ensure that the number is correct and will not affect everyone’s use.

One of the ways to improve the quality of medical care is to strengthen morning and evening care. Because there are many patients in the neurology department who are bedridden and have urinary incontinence, they are prone to bedsores, so we give them a "small bath" in the morning and evening, so that the patients are clean and comfortable, and we can also carefully observe and detect the changes in the patient’s condition in time. When the shift is over at the bedside, patients with slight early signs of bedsore will be marked at the bedside, so no patients here have ever had bedsore.

Besides clinical nursing, other auxiliary things should also be done well. We also rectify the ward environment, standardize the management of goods, make everything in its place, clean the environment and so on. When the hospital summarizes the work of rectifying the ward, I will be assigned to make a report to the whole hospital to introduce our experience on the eighth floor.

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▲ Ling Xiuzhen gave a report on ward management experience to the whole hospital in Concord Auditorium.

Dong:"Everyone is in charge of everything, and everyone is in charge of something" is a particularly good idea, which is why the neurological ward has been rated as an advanced group for many years, right?

Ling: Work depends on everyone’s efforts to do it together, so everyone is happy to have achievements. Although things in the ward are trivial, everyone has the idea of being the master of their own affairs, and it is easy to manage them well if they are serious and responsible. We often check the established rules and measures. For example, at the morning meeting, everyone has a piece of paper and a pen, so I ask, where is the laundry bag? Where is the treatment tray? What should be in the first aid tray? Like an exam. In addition, there are good people and deeds that I also focus on promoting at the morning meeting. Mobilizing the masses and doing things is also training the masses, which is one of my gains. Our ward has produced five head nurses.

We emphasize not to get together in the office, encourage all nurses in the ward to patrol and observe the patient’s condition, and also find many patients’ condition changes in the process. A nurse found that a patient had a bad complexion, poor breathing, rapid pulse and unequal pupils during her patrol, and she was particularly anxious. She quickly said to her colleagues passing by, "You should prepare 20% mannitol as soon as possible and pull the rescue vehicle, and I will tell the doctor!" When the doctor came, the rescue vehicle was in place, and the infusion was given immediately, and the patient’s pupil slowly recovered. Later, neurosurgery consultation was invited, and after the operation, the patient recovered and was discharged. Without solid professional knowledge, the patient could not be found and rescued in time.

In addition to improving nurses’ knowledge of diseases in clinical practice, we also organize training, such as asking senior nurses to tell young or unfamiliar nurses about some nursing technical operations; Some professional knowledge, we ask a specialist doctor to talk about it, and everyone has improved through learning. The medical staff in the first ward on the eighth floor are very United and the working atmosphere is harmonious, so everyone is not bitter or tired when working.

Dong:Are there any patients who impressed you particularly during your work in the neurology ward?

Ling: There was a 21-year-old boy, Xiaoliang, who I remember very clearly. He was a patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome, with quadriplegia, respiratory muscle paralysis and lobar pneumonia. He went to the ward for immediate rescue and entered the iron lung [10]. He can’t breathe by himself, and he relies entirely on iron lungs to press him to breathe, and he sucks oxygen. Despite the shortage of manpower, we took out three classes of people to do intensive care, sucked sputum for him under protection and isolation, and observed the amount and color of sputum. His body can’t move, so we scrub and move his limbs. He can’t speak, but he is conscious and has an expression on his face, so we will write and communicate with him. Write "Your leg hurts, doesn’t it?" Show him. As soon as he closes his eyes, we will know that he is right. Once, I wrote several wrong words, but I accidentally touched his nose. He smiled, so we wrote "Is it a nose?" He closed his eyes and it turned out that his nose was itchy.

He can’t leave oxygen for a moment. Once, Comrade Lao Sun knew that the oxygen in the hospital was running out. On his way to work, he ran back to tell the comrades in the ward: "Our hospital’s oxygen truck is back, so you should change it quickly!" On another occasion, the iron lung could not support Xiaoliang’s breathing, and the Haiyan ventilator needed to be replaced. The Union Medical College Hospital didn’t have it, so it was necessary to borrow it from the 301 hospital. Comrade Lao Wang forgot to eat and immediately borrowed the machine. However, it takes several hours to borrow the machine. During this period, Xiaoliang’s breathing is not stable. We quickly made a careful nursing plan. Before the ventilator was borrowed, we organized nurses to maintain his breathing with artificial balloons without interruption, in order to gain valuable time for treatment. You see, everyone is working hard for a patient. How lovely these actions are.

Xiaoliang was treated in neurology for 318 days, including 4 months and 22 days of intensive care, 71 days of artificial respirator, more than 200 barrels of oxygen and more than 120 infusions. With the joint efforts of many departments, through the treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and the close cooperation of medical care, Xiaoliang finally recovered and was discharged. Everyone was overjoyed to see the patient cured and discharged from hospital.

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▲ Ling Xiuzhen (third from the left in the front row) took a group photo with her colleagues.

Dong:Do you regard the ward as another home?

Ling: It’s not another home. I wish it were a main home. I think the work in the ward is the main thing, and a lot of work is also taken home. When children are young, they don’t have time to take them to the park to play. As for my half, he is also quite supportive, because he works in the Chinese History Museum and has time to go to and from work, which is not necessarily the case here. What’s more, the neighbors are also good. They help look after the children, so they also worry.

My family told me that you have no home. I said, isn’t my ward home? Ha ha. This ward is a home. It’s a pleasure to do it well. The patient is grateful to you and the doctor is happy. I didn’t do enough work all my life. After retiring in 1986, Corey kept me, and I was willing to stay in the clinic for another four years.

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▲ Ling Xiuzhen’s family portrait

On-duty clinic to help patients with heart

Dong:What are the differences in nursing work from ward to clinic?

Ling: The job content is really different. Although they are all neurological diseases, the patients in the ward usually lie still there, while the patients in the outpatient department are mobile. They leave as soon as they come today, which is different in nature and different in work focus. When I was in the outpatient department, I also stressed the need to observe patients more.

For example, I once met an old lady holding a boy and sitting in a chair in the waiting room crying without talking. I asked her why she was crying, and she said that they were from other places, and the doctor didn’t prescribe medicine for the child, so she called them back for treatment. The local hospital diagnosed encephalitis sequela, and there are not many treatments in neurology. We advised her not to feel bad, and found an old doctor to see her. It was also this diagnosis that gave the child some nutritional medicine, and the old lady went back with confidence. If we hadn’t observed and found the old lady’s problem, it wouldn’t have been solved. How uncomfortable she was with her child in her arms, and so was her family when she went back to her home. Everyone who gave them that piece said that they were not satisfied with the Union Medical College Hospital. If this is solved, she will be calm and there will be no problem.

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▲ Ling Xiuzhen is at the neurological service desk.

Another time, I saw a gay man yelling there, and the little girl next to him was crying, so I went over and asked what was going on. The gay man said that the doctor would give the child an EEG examination, but the child had lice on his head and had to get a haircut first. The girl was seven or eight years old. She wore two pigtails and didn’t want to get a haircut. As soon as she said it, she began to cry. I took them to Dongdan to find a barber shop and asked them to give the girl a haircut with a curtain. The girl looked in the mirror and was very happy. When she came back, she had her EEG done. They are Mongolians, and they don’t speak Mandarin very well. They keep saying thank you to us. Outpatient service is basically this kind of thing, that is, more care and observation are needed to help patients solve problems in time.

It seems quite simple to work in the outpatient department, but sometimes there are many problems, involving many aspects, such as patients from other places, ethnic minorities, farmers, overseas Chinese, etc. We should all think about what the party’s policies are for different groups and implement them.

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▲ In 1989, neurology medical staff took a group photo in the outpatient clinic. From the right in the front row: Ling Xiuzhen, Huang Huifen, Tan Mingxun, Feng Yingkun, Zhao Baoxun, Guo Yupu, Tang Xiaofu and Li Shunwei.

Dong:I heard that you also carry out health education for patients, mainly through what forms? What effect has it achieved?

Ling: We also think it is very important to educate patients. At that time, it was mainly through oral preaching, blackboard newspaper, small cards and other forms. In addition to disease knowledge, there are also common sense science such as preventing gas poisoning. Some patients read it and said, I have to go back and clean up the stove at home.

Besides listening and watching, there are also thoughts. We guide patients to think carefully about when they got sick, whether they saw a doctor, what treatments they had, what the treatment effect was, and what the situation is now … So when they see the doctor, they will be comprehensive and the doctor can better understand the condition.

We do this propaganda, everyone is quiet, and the order of seeing a doctor is better. Later, the hospital encouraged us and awarded us a tape recorder, so we recorded well and told stories related to people’s health and life, which everyone loved to hear.

Dong:You have done a lot for patients. Have any patients done anything that moved you?

Ling: A female middle school teacher from Taipusi Banner, Inner Mongolia came to see a doctor and did many tests, but the results haven’t come out yet. She told us that she couldn’t wait any longer because the school was about to start and she couldn’t delay the students’ class. I say you go first, and we’ll concentrate these test results on the doctor and write a diagnosis for you after reading them. Later, I sent her the examination and diagnosis results, which solved her problem. She was so moved that she wrote a thank-you letter and sent a big bag of soybeans. We have "three disciplines and eight points for attention" [11], and we don’t take the needle and thread from the masses, so we sent the soybeans back to her.

Some brought us potatoes and wrote letters of commendation, and some suggested that we print out popular science materials and sell them to everyone as a bonus for nurses … People still have to get along with each other in good faith. From the interests of patients, you did the right thing, and everyone will support you. On this correct basis, we will unite and work together, and gradually it will get better and better.

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▲ Ling Xiuzhen works at home.

Be indifferent to fame and fortune and walk with love

Dong:How is your life arranged after retirement?

Ling: My life is quite dull. I went abroad to stay with my daughter for two years after retirement. When I came back, I thought it was not a problem to just stay here, so I ordered a lot of newspapers and magazines. Some articles were quite good, so I cut them out and pasted them into a book. I sorted out ten boxes of state affairs, heroes, health knowledge, flowers and birds, Chinese paintings … I wanted to wait for the children to come back and show them how many great events have taken place in the country. This is an education for them, and this is the most content of my life. In addition, I also learn health knowledge from the Internet. I insist on walking for 30 minutes every day in the corridor outside the door. It was very difficult at first, but it became natural after a long time. I haven’t thought about how to live a long life, and I don’t think I’m old now. I don’t feel that way.

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▲ In 1996, Ling Xiuzhen took a photo at the Washington Botanical Garden.

Dong:What do you think of the profession of nurse, from the dream of being a nurse to the life of nursing?

Ling: I chose this profession and still love it. Nurses are an indispensable and important part of medical treatment. I don’t have much knowledge and technology, and that’s all I can do, so I’ll do it well and contribute my strength to this. I’m glad to help others a little.

Dong:During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, you won the third-class merit. In 1981, you were named as a model worker in Beijing, and in 1983, you won the national March 8th Red Flag Bearer, and you were the first national March 8th Red Flag Bearer in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. After several decades, what do you think of these awards?

Ling: I don’t think it’s anything. I don’t think all these praises seem like a thing. When the prize is awarded, this meaning will pass.

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▲ In 1981, Ling Xiuzhen was rated as a model worker in Beijing, and her photos and deeds were exhibited at the Working People’s Cultural Palace. Ling Xiuzhen and her lover Ao Ping took a group photo in front of the photo.

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▲ In 1982, Ling Xiuzhen was awarded the honorary title of Beijing Model Worker in 1981.

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▲ In 1983, Ling Xiuzhen won the honorary title of National March 8th Red Flag Bearer.

Dong:What is the most fulfilling thing for you?

Ling: I didn’t achieve anything, but I worked hard to unite my comrades in my work and accomplish the tasks assigned by the party together. In response to the hospital’s call to clean up the ward, after half a year’s work, I was able to report to the whole hospital as a typical example. Although it was a small achievement, it was the result of the joint efforts of comrades, who forged a deep friendship in the process. Up to now, they still miss me. I think this is an achievement. I hope I can pass on the story of the eighth floor and inspire young people to do a good job.

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▲ On November 10th, 2022, a "sister" on the eighth floor celebrated Ling Xiuzhen’s centenary birthday. From the left in the front row: Jiang Xueling, Liu Xiuying, Ling Xiuzhen, Cui Liying and Gao Meili; From the left in the back row: Liu Xiurong, Wang Weihong, Wang Lifang, Zhang Yuzhen, Mei Chen, Zu Yunling, Yu Guoying, Ao Hong and Yu Hongyue.

Dong:What messages and instructions do you have for young people?

Ling: For young comrades, I hope that one should listen to the Party’s words, and the other should be strict with oneself, work hard and strictly abide by various rules and regulations. Without rules, Fiona Fang cannot be established. At the same time, we should innovate, strive to be a nurse who has both ability and political integrity and serves patients wholeheartedly, be the vanguard of the nursing field in China, and win glory in the world.

Concord has trained many medical and nursing talents. Concord’s work is very rigorous and strives for perfection, and it has treated countless difficult and serious patients, which is a great contribution. I hope that in the future, we will continue to protect people’s health, walk with love and create greater glories.

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▲ In the Lantern Festival in 2023, Ling Xiuzhen was at home in Beijing.

annotate

[1] The school was founded in 1904 by American missionary Fu Shan and his wife Fu Kemud. It was originally a seven-year primary school. In 1923, it was changed to a six-year primary school and enrolled junior high school students. In 1927, the school name was changed from Fuyu Girls’ School to Fuyu Girls’ Middle School, and it is now the second middle school in Tongzhou District, Beijing.

[2] On September 24, 1937, the Japanese army occupied Baoding until it surrendered in August 1945. In the past eight years, the Japanese army carried out a cruel "three-light policy" in Baoding, causing numerous tragedies.

[3] The school was established in 1915, with a four-year academic system. The courses are set according to the requirements of the Chinese Nurses’ Association. Besides theoretical study, we also need to practice in Boji Hospital.

[4] Zhang Shumin, a former head nurse of beijing jishuitan hospital internal medicine clinic.

[5] Taigu Renshu Hospital is a missionary hospital, which was founded in 1904 by the American congregational couple Willoughby A. Hemingway, and is now the Taigu District People’s Hospital in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. In 1917, Renshu Hospital established the first nursing school in Shanxi. In 1920, the Nursing School of Renshu Hospital was officially registered in the Chinese Nurses’ Association, with a four-year academic system. The school accepts both men and women, and must be at least 18 years old. Women who are married do not accept it, and they are not allowed to marry before graduation. Students can only obtain the graduation certificate after completing the four-year course and passing the examination of the Chinese General Nurses Association.

[6] That is, the meaning of currency depreciation and inflation.

[7] Nie Yuchan (1903-1997), a native of Funing, Hebei Province, was a famous nursing scientist and educator, the first China-born principal of the Nursing School of Peking Union Medical College, and once served as the director of the nursing department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

[8] Wu Weiran (1920-2016), a famous surgeon, was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu.

[9] Zhang Jinzhe (1920-2022), born in Tianjin, was an expert in pediatric surgery and an academician of China Academy of Engineering.

[10] Iron lung is the first machine to replace the function of human organs. The air pump in iron lung can adjust the internal air pressure by pumping air and exhausting air, so as to press the chest to stimulate breathing, which can help patients who cannot breathe spontaneously to maintain normal breathing and prolong their survival time.

[11] The three major disciplines are: First, all actions are subject to command; Second, don’t take the masses; Three, all seized to the public. The eight points for attention are: first, speak kindly; Second, the sale is fair; Third, borrow things to return; Fourth, you have to pay for damaged things; Fifth, don’t beat people and swear; Sixth, do not damage crops; Seven, do not molest women; Eight, do not abuse prisoners.

Oral history column of old experts

Since 2017, Peking Union Medical College Hospital has set up the "Old Experts Oral Historical and Cultural Heritage Education Project". Through the collection and arrangement of words and images on the personal life history, major historical events and witnessed discipline development of Concord’s predecessors, it records and reflects the struggle history of Concord people in adhering to tradition, making great efforts and creating brilliant achievements, combs the historical context of the hospital and various disciplines, and analyzes the mystery of Concord’s century-old foundation. WeChat official account, the official WeChat of Concord, opened a column on the oral history of old experts, and published some oral contents of the old-timers in the form of interviews for readers.

Producer: Wu Peixin

Editor: Chen Mingyan

Finishing: Dong Lin Yan Xiaobo

Photography: Sun Liang

Camera: Liu Yushuan

Video: Li Yuanjing

Editor: Chen Xun Li Yuanjing

The contents of this article are excerpted from two interviews with head nurse Ling Xiuzhen, some of which are from Ling Xiuzhen’s personal file, and some of the pictures in this article are provided by Ling Xiuzhen.

Old farmers’ new experience and socialized service organizations bring modern agricultural production means.

CCTV News:Gaotang is a major grain production county in Shandong Province. In this county, the land operated by small farmers over 60 years old accounts for more than 70% of the county’s planting area. These "old handers" who are active in the fields used to manage their own one-acre three-point land with a hoe and a sickle, but today, with the gradual promotion of modern farming methods, they have a different wheat harvest experience. Look at the report that the reporter sent back from the wheat harvest line.

Zhihua Liu, who is 64 years old this year, is a villager in Yingma New Village, Gaotang County. Although all the children go out to work and the family lacks strong labor, he and his wife have planted more than 30 acres of land.

Reporter:Can you two plant it?

Shandong ProvinceZhihua Liu, a villager from Yingma New Village, Liulisi Town, Gaotang County:It’s very easy to plant the land now. You see that the wheat is ripe. We just watch the unloading of the wheat here, and we don’t have to cut it. Nothing happens, so we can worry. It’s not the same as before.

Lao Liu told reporters that there are more than 500 families in Yingma New Village, Gaotang County where he lives. In recent years, as young people go out to work, the main force of growing grain in the village has suddenly become the elderly.

Dong Hejiang, Director of Agricultural Socialization Service Office of Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Gaotang County, Shandong Province:They have more feelings for the land, and they are more at ease in farming the land themselves. They still use traditional experience and old-fashioned farming methods, and the grain output cannot be improved.

This phenomenon, like Yingma New Village, is very common in China. At present, there are about 207 million agricultural households in China, of which more than 98% are small farmers, and the cultivated land area operated by small farmers accounts for 70% of the total cultivated land area. This situation is also a thorny issue that puzzles all localities to further enhance grain production capacity.

The dilemma of Yingma New Village began to turn for the better in 2021. In this year, Gaotang County became the first pilot county in China to carry out agricultural socialization services. Develop agricultural production custody without transferring land management rights, connect scattered small farmers, and provide them with "one-stop" full custody service or "menu-style" half-time custody service.

       Dong Hejiang, Director of Agricultural Socialization Service Office of Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Gaotang County, Shandong Province:Let agricultural socialized service organizations participate, organize small farmers, and let agricultural socialized service organizations help them farm.

Feature story: New farmers cultivate land and old farmers increase their income.

Social service organizations came, but the initial docking was not smooth. The reason is that the old people believe more in their down-to-earth farming experience, do not understand the new scientific and technological methods, and are full of worries.

Han Qingfeng, a staff member of Liulisi Town, Gaotang County, Shandong Province:I say who doesn’t believe and who has concerns, and you are allowed to stare at every link. You put forward your rectification opinions on the spot, and we will put them in place in time according to your rectification opinions. At first glance, the people really did what they said, and only then did they push this thing away.

The old people have some trust, and these service organizations have also displayed "eighteen martial arts", from soil testing formula, seed coating, suppression technology to unified defense rule, and a series of new technologies and new varieties are applied and promoted, so that the old people can flexibly "order" according to their own needs.

Modern means of agricultural production brought by socialized service organizations have enabled Zhihua Liu and his wife, two elderly people in their 60s, to easily plant more than 30 mu of land. At present, there are 152 agricultural socialized service organizations in Gaotang County, with a service area of 1.196 million mu, accounting for more than 80% of the total area. This also makes local old people like Lao Liu more flexible and relaxed in farming.

Zhihua Liu, a villager from Yingma New Village, Liulisi Town, Gaotang County, Shandong Province:As long as I have time, ability and physical conditions, I will take care of some of them myself. If I can’t take care of them, I will ask the trusteeship department to take care of them, so I am very free.

With the trust service gradually recognized by small farmers like Lao Liu, the area of trust is also expanding, which also attracts enterprises such as Shandong Seed Industry Group to carry out order agriculture in Gaotang, and small farmers are connected to the big market.

Wang Miaomiao, Mayor of Liulisi Town, Gaotang County, Shandong Province:40% of the land in the town has signed a breeding contract with the seed industry group. According to the calculation of selling a dime per catty and the output of 1,000 jins per mu, the income of 100 yuan can be increased per mu, and the income of 30,000 mu of land in the town can be increased by 3 million yuan.

Notice of the General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Outline for the Implementation of the Capital 248 Major Innovation Project

Beijing Zhengban Fa [2000] No.64

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions: 

  The Outline for the Implementation of the Capital 248 Major Innovation Project has been approved by the municipal government and is hereby issued to you, please earnestly organize its implementation.

  The "Capital 248 Major Innovation Project" is a major event related to the economic development and social progress of the capital. All regions, departments and units must attach great importance to it, strengthen organizational leadership, do a good job in planning and coordinating specific projects, and speed up the implementation.

  June 30th, two thousand  

Outline of the implementation of the capital’s 248 major innovation project

  "Capital 248 Major Innovation Project" (hereinafter referred to as "248 Project") refers to the establishment of two major systems, the construction of four bases and the implementation of eight high-tech industrialization demonstration projects. There are two major systems, namely, the capital business incubation system and the capital economic innovation service system. The four bases are Beijing Software Industry Base, Beijing North Microelectronics Base, Beijing Biomedical Base and Beijing New Materials Base. Eight high-tech industrialization demonstration projects are digital Beijing project, high-definition digital TV industrialization project, large-diameter semiconductor silicon wafer and large-scale integrated circuit industrialization project, energy structure adjustment and clean combustion technology industrialization project, modern medicine biotechnology product industrialization project, green food and improved varieties project, water resources sustainable utilization project and Beijing ozone layer protection project.  

  The overall goal of implementing the "248 Project" is to speed up the construction of Zhongguancun Science Park, build a regional innovation system in the capital, initially realize the adjustment, optimization and upgrading of the city’s industrial structure, establish and improve the technological innovation mechanism of enterprises, improve the ability and level of technological innovation activities of enterprises, enhance their comprehensive economic strength and market competitiveness, improve the overall level of the national economy, and strive to absorb and utilize innovative resources. In the next five years, the level of industrial and agricultural technology in this city will reach the level of moderately developed countries, so that high-tech industries will become the core of the capital economy and comprehensively promote the development of the capital economy.

  First, the capital business incubation system

  Goal: within three years, 30 to 50 incubators with different characteristics will be built, with a total area of 300,000 square meters, and there will be no less than 1,000 incubating enterprises and projects, and at least 400 high-tech enterprises with certain international competitiveness will be hatched; The total amount of seed funds established by the incubator itself reached 100 million yuan, and the investment attracted by the incubating enterprises reached 500 million yuan; Complete the information network construction between key incubators and form the capital business incubation network.

  Main tasks: accelerate the construction and development of professional technology incubators, university science parks, overseas students’ pioneer parks, state-owned enterprise incubators and other incubators; Actively explore and establish the management system and internal operation mechanism of incubators, strengthen the entrepreneurial guidance for incubating enterprises, and promote the management innovation of incubating enterprises; Strengthen the construction of entrepreneurial service talent team and cultivate an incubator management team with strong comprehensive ability and high professional quality; Improve the service function of the incubator, especially the financing service function, and attract all kinds of innovation funds, private investment funds and venture capital to enter the incubator.

  Second, the capital economic innovation service system

  Objective: to transform government functions and improve the external environment for the development of technological innovation subjects and innovation intermediary service systems; Accelerate the construction of the capital broadband high-speed information network platform, so as to make the information network of innovative services such as science and technology intermediary services, technology trading market and venture capital smooth and fast; Strengthen the evaluation of science and technology, establish and improve professional service systems such as law, accounting, patent and personnel training; Within three years, the number of intermediary service agencies for scientific and technological innovation reached 2,000, initially forming an innovative service system.

  Main tasks: speed up the construction of service system for technological innovation and productivity promotion, formulate relevant policies for science and technology intermediary service system, and standardize the service behavior of intermediary institutions; Establish Zhongguancun Science Park Technology Trading Center, Zhongguancun Science Park High-tech Industry Chamber of Commerce, small and medium-sized high-tech enterprise property rights exchange, venture capital association and scientific instruments and equipment support service system; Strengthen the function of the cooperation network of scientific and technological resources in the capital, improve the Beijing Science and Education Information Network, and set up a site and window for overseas students from China in Silicon Valley.

  Third, Beijing Software Industry Base

  Objective: By building a Beijing software industry base integrating research and development, industrial incubation, marketing and training services, the level of software development and standardization will rank first in China, the number and popularity of top products will rank first in China, and the number of large and medium-sized key enterprises with sustainable development will rank first in China. By 2005, the sales of software products reached more than 30 billion yuan, of which the sales of software products with independent intellectual property rights reached 14 billion yuan, earning more than 1 billion US dollars.

  Main tasks: further improve and adjust the existing software industry policies, create a good environment for the development of the software industry, attract internationally renowned software companies to establish research institutions and industrial bases in Beijing, and drive the backbone software enterprises in the base to develop internationally; Guided by the international market, develop domestic and international software markets; Establish software vocational education and training system to promote the industrialization development of software vocational education; Accelerate the construction of supporting service system for software industry, and gradually form a professional service market for software industry; Strengthen the research and innovation of key software technologies with enterprises as the main body; Accelerate the construction of Zhongguancun Software Park.

  Fourth, Beijing North Microelectronics Base

  Objective: By integrating the resources of microelectronics technology and manufacturing in Beijing, Beijing North Microelectronics Development and Production Base with process research and development, chip design, testing, equipment and material development as the core will be built within five years, with an annual output value of 15 billion yuan.

  Main work: Give full play to the role of Tsinghua University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shougang, build the northern microelectronics industrial base and the national microelectronics technology research and development center, and gradually realize the independent innovation of microelectronics manufacturing technology; Plan to build a 0.25 micron integrated circuit production line, and complete the technical upgrading and production expansion of key enterprises such as Shougang Nippon Electric and Mitsubishi Stone; Establish professional incubator network and technology transfer platform, cultivate integrated circuit design industry, and combine research and development, design and production of microelectronic technology; New optoelectronic devices and circuit production lines will be built to promote the synchronous development of optical communication, optical storage, optical display and other related industries.

  V. Beijing Biomedical Base

  Objective: By planning and constructing Peking University Bio-City, Yizhuang Medicine Valley, Zhongguancun Life Science Park and Jingxi Biomedicine and Medical Equipment Innovation Belt, a world-class biomedical base integrating R&D, pilot test, production, testing, evaluation and enterprise incubation will be formed. By 2005, the total output value of bioengineering and new medicine industry in Beijing will reach 30 billion yuan, with 15 to 20 products with annual sales of more than 100 million yuan, 20 to 25 backbone enterprises with annual sales of 100 million yuan and 5 to 10 enterprise groups with annual sales of 1 billion yuan. 

  Main work: Construction of China Biotechnology Center, Peking University Biological City, Zhongguancun Life Science Park and Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone "APEC Biomedical Incubator" and other projects; We will build a new drug evaluation center with the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, a biotherapy high-tech laboratory with Peking University, an anti-gene drug research center with overseas students and a genetically modified animal base under the National High-tech Development Plan (863).

  6. Beijing New Material Base

  Objective: To build a new material technology innovation platform with universities and scientific research institutions in the capital as the main body; Combined with regional development, we will build a number of specialized new material industrial bases to promote the industrialization of outstanding scientific and technological achievements; Establish a service system for innovation and entrepreneurship of new materials industry to create a good environment for efficient allocation of innovative resources, cultivation of seed enterprises and promotion of industrial development; By 2005, the annual industrial output value of Beijing New Material Base will reach 10 billion yuan.

  Main tasks: establishing Beijing New Materials Science and Technology Park and Beijing New Materials Development Center, building new materials industrialization bases, engineering centers and R&D centers, and establishing Beijing new materials industry information and trading platform, international exchange and cooperation platform, new materials experimental processing and testing cooperation platform and evaluation industry innovation consulting platform; Accelerate the construction of Beijing new material base incubators, professional incubators and a number of innovative R&D projects, and focus on supporting a number of achievements industrialization projects.

  VII. Digital Beijing Project

  Objective: To build an information experimental demonstration community and gradually popularize it in the suburbs; The penetration rate of cable TV access to optical fiber network is over 80%; There are more than 1.5 million computer Internet users; Through the implementation of key application projects such as e-government, e-commerce, distance education, online medical consultation and information community, by 2005, the information systems and databases of all departments and units in the city will be basically networked.

  Main tasks: building infrastructure platforms such as broadband multimedia information network and three-dimensional spatial database to integrate capital information resources; Establish a unified standardized and standard public space basic database, a universal geographic information system basic platform and a spatial information exchange center, and establish a model base and knowledge base of various professional systems; Establish Beijing urban planning, construction, management, operation monitoring, emergency command and leadership decision-making information center and underground integrated pipe network management system; Through the establishment of product innovation research and development service system, business information resource center and information platform in circulation field, promote the information construction in manufacturing and circulation field; Build a digital Zhongguancun project, improve the access system of science and education information network and remote multimedia application system, and complete the construction of digital Beijing site.

  Eight, high-definition digital TV industrialization project

  Objective: To speed up the industrialization of HDTV, and build a technology research and development center, an industrial center and a demonstration and application center for HDTV; Complete the research and development of high-definition digital TV receiver display devices and key chips with independent intellectual property rights within 3 years; By 2005, the annual sales revenue of high-definition digital TV and related industries will reach 6.7 billion yuan, which will become a new growth point of the capital economy.

  Main work: through the reorganization of enterprise assets, the national engineering technology research center will be established to design and develop related technologies such as special chips, transmitting systems, receiving systems and display devices, and to develop and produce related products; Developing application software for transmitting and receiving systems; A number of R&D and technological transformation projects will be put into production before 2002.

  Nine, large diameter semiconductor silicon wafer and large-scale integrated circuit industrialization project

  Objective: Give full play to the advantages of technology and production capacity, combine with the construction of Beijing North Microelectronics Base, improve the production technology level of large-diameter semiconductor silicon wafers and large-scale integrated circuits through technology upgrading and asset reorganization, and accelerate the industrialization process.

  Main work: Set up an enterprise group with Youyan Semiconductor Materials Co., Ltd. as the core; Raise funds through multiple channels to build an 8-inch silicon single crystal wafer production line; Build a production line capable of producing 150 million square inches of silicon single crystal polishing wafers within three years; Complete the transformation of 6-inch 0.35 micron integrated circuit production line; Complete the technical upgrade of Shougang NEC Phase III to reach the level of producing 0.35 micron integrated circuits; Before the end of 2000, the production capacity of 0.35 micron to 0.48 micron basic system semiconductor integrated circuits of Mitsubishi Stone Company reached 18.5 million pieces per month.

  Ten, energy structure adjustment and clean combustion technology industrialization project

  Objectives: Focusing on the adjustment of energy structure, vigorously develop clean energy and new energy, strictly control and gradually reduce the total amount of coal burning, accelerate the popularization and application of new technologies, transform traditional energy industries, and improve energy utilization efficiency; By developing clean combustion technology, developing clean energy vehicles, developing renewable energy and popularizing energy-saving technologies, by 2005, the annual output value in the field of energy science and technology industrialization will be 2.5 billion yuan.

  Main tasks: develop complete transportation technology of liquefied natural gas, increase the supply and use of natural gas, and expand the application of liquefied gas and electricity instead of coal technology; Popularize the application of clean combustion technology and accelerate the industrialization process, further transform the kiln, popularize the application of desulfurization and denitrification technology and harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization of garbage; Develop clean energy and renewable energy, make full use of solar energy and geothermal energy, and develop new energy storage technologies; Develop central heating, popularize building energy-saving technology, variable frequency speed regulation technology and energy conversion technology, and develop efficient and advanced motors.

  XI. Industrialization Project of Modern Medicine Biotechnology Products

  Objective: By vigorously promoting the industrialization of a number of scientific and technological achievements with international advanced level and independent intellectual property rights, such as human blood substitutes and genetically engineered drugs, the rapid development of bioengineering and new pharmaceutical industry in Beijing will be promoted.

  Main tasks: to build a production base for raw materials and products of human blood substitutes, to complete the industrial construction of human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cell bank and the large-scale production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor and family planning drugs.

  Twelve, green food and improved seed project

       Objective: to develop pollution-free, high-quality, high-yield and efficient agriculture and accelerate the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure; On the basis of building six industrial high-efficiency agricultural science and technology demonstration parks, by June 2001, a pollution-free vegetable production base of 0.33-0.66 million hectares will be built, and the total output of pollution-free vegetables will reach 300-500 million kilograms. By the end of 2002, 40,000 hectares of pollution-free vegetable fields will be fully standardized. We will build a seed production base of 0.56 million hectares, with an annual breeding capacity of 28.2 million kilograms, providing 150,000 breeding pigs for parents, 8 million breeding chickens for parents and more than 8 million healthy chicks, making Beijing a leading position in the production of green agricultural and sideline products and high-quality seed industry in China.

  Main tasks: to formulate relevant quality standards for pollution-free vegetable production and establish a testing technology system; Establish technical regulations for agricultural product cultivation and integrated pest control, safety production regulations and post-harvest processing system; Carry out research on breeding new varieties of animals and plants and efficient breeding technology, and improve the market inspection and supervision mechanism; Actively explore the market.

  XIII. Sustainable Utilization Project of Water Resources

  Goal: concentrate on completing a number of Beijing water resources research, development and utilization projects, so that the available rainwater and flood on the hardened ground in urban areas can reach 117 million cubic meters; Through a series of measures, the water quality of Miyun Reservoir and its downstream water bodies will be kept to the national Class II standard. The Ministry of Water Resources coordinates the control and treatment of sewage discharge in Hebei Province and other surrounding areas, so that the water quality of Guanting Reservoir can gradually meet the drinking water source standard, alleviate the contradiction between urban development and available water resources faced by this city, realize the goal of dual-source water supply in Beijing, improve the guarantee rate of urban water supply and ensure the sustainable development of the capital economy. 

  Main work: The research and demonstration project of urban storm water control and utilization technology in Beijing, and the automatic monitoring and evaluation system of water quality in Beijing will be completed. The advanced treatment of drinking water, the treatment and reuse of urban sewage and industrial wastewater, and the improvement of water quality in Miyun and Guanting reservoir areas and downstream water bodies will be carried out to ensure high-standard, safe and economical urban water supply.

  XIV. Beijing Ozone Layer Protection Project

  Objective: According to the requirements of the National Plan for Phasing out Ozone Depleting Substances in China, formulate the action plan for phasing out ozone depleting substances in this city ahead of schedule, and ensure the replacement of ozone depleting substances by the end of 2003.

  Main tasks: to formulate relevant regulations and action plans to replace ozone-depleting substances in advance; In refrigeration, foaming, cleaning, fire protection, automobile air conditioning, household appliances and other industries to carry out the replacement of ozone-depleting substances, and promote the research of related technologies and equipment production; Carry out the construction of alternative demonstration projects for key industries, and develop demonstration communities and demonstration industries; Use television, radio, newspapers and other media to carry out publicity and education on ozone layer protection, so as to raise public awareness of environmental protection.

  In order to strengthen the organization and leadership, establish a coordination meeting system for the implementation of the "Capital 248 Major Innovation Project", study and formulate work plans and policies and measures, and coordinate and solve major issues. The Municipal Science and Technology Commission is responsible for coordinating the convening and daily work of the meeting. Incorporate the organization and coordination of individual projects into the existing organization and coordination institutions respectively. The Digital Beijing Project is the responsibility of the municipal leading group for informatization; Beijing Biomedical Base and the industrialization project of modern pharmaceutical biotechnology products are under the responsibility of the municipal leading group for bioengineering and new pharmaceutical industrialization; Beijing Ozone Layer Protection Project is under the responsibility of the Municipal Environmental Protection Committee; Establish a coordination meeting system for the construction of Beijing microelectronics base, and be responsible for the industrialization project of Beijing northern microelectronics base and high-definition digital TV; Establish a coordination meeting system for the construction of Beijing software industry base and a coordination meeting system for the construction of Beijing new material base.