标签归档 西安高端外卖

Strictly crack down on illegal registration of real estate! Ministry of Natural Resources: Strictly prevent the legalization of small property houses.

  CCTV News:At present, the real estate registration system has been fully operated in the whole country. During a period of operation, there are some difficulties in obtaining certificates in real estate registration in some places. Recently, the Ministry of Natural Resources has deployed a special rectification of the style of the real estate registration window throughout the country.

 

  Wang Guanghua, Vice Minister of Natural Resources: "Since the implementation of the unified registration system for real estate, there have been 109 halls in China, and there have been problems of queuing in the early morning and scalpers changing their numbers. Some places have turned a blind eye to the gap between the service ability and level and the people’s demand for permits, and have not taken the initiative to solve it in time, which is simply limited."

  The rectification deployment focuses on the style of real estate registration window, such as "pushing around and dragging" and "difficulty in obtaining a certificate". It will take three months to comprehensively promote the "reduction of certificates and convenience for the people" nationwide, and clean up and cancel the pre-existing links without legal and regulatory basis. At the same time, it is necessary to comprehensively clean up all kinds of unnecessary certificates such as "wonderful" certificates, circular certificates and repeated certificates that bother enterprises and the masses.

  Wang Guanghua, Vice Minister of Natural Resources: "Those materials that can be obtained through the Internet shall not be submitted repeatedly by the masses. Then in fact, the information that can be obtained through information sharing between government departments is fast, accurate and reliable, so it is beneficial to improve efficiency and ensure quality. "

 

  In terms of establishing a standardized service system in an all-round way, the Ministry of Natural Resources said that all localities should classify and establish standardized and simplified standardized business processes to provide clear guidance for the masses to do things.

 

  Wang Guanghua, Vice Minister of Natural Resources: "There is no pre-position for real estate registration. As long as the application materials submitted by the applicant meet the requirements of the provisional regulations on real estate registration and the detailed rules for the implementation of the provisional regulations on real estate registration, the real estate registration agency should handle it, and the sharing and collaboration between departments should be placed in the window. Don’t let the people run back and forth."

  Issues left over from history should not be shelved for a long time.

  According to the Ministry of Natural Resources, for the multi-sector decentralized registration period before the implementation of unified registration of real estate, historical problems caused by imperfect and irregular management links should not be shelved for a long time.

  Wang Guanghua, Vice Minister of Natural Resources: "At present, there are still more than 4.8 million pieces in the country, and the problems left over from the history of decentralized registration have not been solved. In some places, in the face of the outbreak of historical problems, they did not organize forces to focus on investigation and coordination, and directly let the window staff respond, simply because the procedures were incomplete and they could not be handled."

  According to the Ministry of Natural Resources, all localities should actively discuss and study the problems left over from history with planning, housing construction and other departments, and report to the people’s governments of cities and counties to issue policies to solve them in time to meet the people’s normal demand for accreditation.

  Strictly investigate violations of laws and regulations for real estate registration 

 

  In addition, the Ministry of Natural Resources also emphasized that it is necessary to prevent "small property houses" from being legalized through real estate registration. At the same time, it is necessary to crack down on the abuse of power to forge false registration of materials, deliberately misregister, illegally register for financing, maliciously collude with illegal registration and disclose registration information.

  Wang Guanghua, Vice Minister of Natural Resources: "Since the implementation of real estate registration, a total of 303 cases of illegal registration have been found throughout the country. In recent years, the state land supervision agency found that some places illegally and falsely registered mortgages for public welfare roads, parks, public facilities and other land for financing needs, and some places maliciously colluded with third parties to register illegally and leaked registration information."

Revealing the Olympic etiquette, Miss Devil Training, this is the campus flower garden.


Miss Etiquette who appeared in the Good Luck Beijing Test Competition

Miss Olympic etiquette with outstanding charm (data picture)

Hard training (source: competitive newspaper)

  Youth Daily News Get off the Badaling Expressway at Xiaotangshan exit, head east for 3.5 kilometers, and finally find Songlanbao in sha he, Changping District, Beijing. The taxi stopped at the silver-gray gate of Changping Vocational School in Beijing. It happened that the bell rang after class, and dozens of attractive beautiful students filed out. The volunteers of Beijing Olympic Games ceremony-commonly known as "Miss Olympic Etiquette"-were trained here. What kind of hardships are behind the beauty and elegance?

  This is the campus flower garden.

  Since June this year, 1,250 girls from Beijing have come to Changping Vocational School to participate in intensive Olympic etiquette training. Their official name is "Beijing Olympic Games ceremony volunteers", and the popular saying is "Miss Etiquette".

  After 18-day intensive training, these miss etiquette candidates have been participating in the ceremony service of the 2007 "Good Luck Beijing" Olympic Games series since August. After the examination, 380 etiquette volunteers will be selected in mid-December to participate in the ceremony of awarding the Beijing Olympic Games.

  On December 5th and 6th, the reporter visited Changping Vocational School twice to visit this "beauty concentration camp" far away in the suburbs of Beijing. Teacher Fu from the school office told the reporter that there are many beautiful women in Changping Vocational School, but this time there are more beautiful women who come to participate in the Olympic etiquette training, which are basically the beauty of various schools. Therefore, it has almost become the big garden of Beijing campus flower!

  Devil training at 5: 00 a.m.

  The reporter got a "volunteer training schedule", and the training intensity arrangement above simply exceeded the college entrance examination students!

  At 5 o’clock every morning, the girls get up and tidy up the house; It is morning exercise time from 6: 00 to 7: 10, and the girls practice gymnastics, dance and basic skills with the tutor; After a simple breakfast, class begins at 8: 00, and an hour of basic ballet hand exercises and body training begins; At 9: 30, the etiquette class starts for two and a half hours, practicing etiquette actions such as standing, walking, walking and turning.

  Take a simple rest at noon, and start practicing classical dance and folk dance at 14: 00 pm to train the coordination and flexibility of the body, with a total time of about 90 minutes; At 15 o’clock, a two-hour etiquette class begins, the content of which is to consolidate what was learned in the morning. Don’t think that you can rest after class. There will be a 90-minute evening class starting at 19: 00, and the content will be a lecture on Olympic knowledge and etiquette.

  Busy every day until 22 o’clock at night, these candidate hostesses can return to the dormitory to rest. Teacher Yuan Chunyan, who is in charge of the training of volunteers in awarding ceremonies, said: "When it’s time to rest, the girls don’t even have the strength to go to the bathroom to freshen up, so they can fall asleep when they fall on the bed. For them, these efforts and efforts are aimed at being selected into the final’ Miss Etiquette National Team’ and being perfect when serving the Olympic Games. "

  Practice smiling by biting chopsticks.

  The hostesses who participated in the training came from various schools in Beijing, and most of their majors were related to the service industry. They had long been comfortable in reception work. Just because of the particularity of the Olympic Games, we have to strive for perfection and grasp every detail.

  Teacher Yuan Chunyan told the reporter: "The training of ceremony volunteers is basically the same as that of flight attendants, but it is more strict." Teachers should dig every detail. "For example, when awarding prizes, several volunteers turn around at the same time, and their steps should be consistent. For example, when bowing flowers, the forward direction is about the hip joint and the downward direction is 15 to 30 degrees. Because there are many people in a group when presenting flowers, there are often cases of inconsistent time and irregular movements when squatting, so it is required to have a consistent beat in mind. "

  The simple steps of holding a medal tray are also very particular. Teacher Yuan Chunyan said: "The arm holding the tray is about one punch away from the side waist. When holding the tray, the thumb must be exposed outside the tray. The most difficult thing is to control the pace and connect the awards. After walking a certain distance during the award presentation, the spacing between them should be the same, about thirty or forty centimeters. "

  Hao Jingyu, a etiquette volunteer, said: "What impressed me the most was practicing standing, walking, walking, turning around and smiling in etiquette training. In order to make our posture more upright, pace more in place, turn more neatly and smile more naturally when awarding prizes, we have to practice each movement hundreds of times. For example, standing posture is not as simple as we thought. Every etiquette volunteer must wear 5 cm high heels, a book on his head, and an ordinary piece of white paper between his legs and knees. One stop is an hour, and neither books nor papers can fall off, or they will have to be redone. When I rest, my legs are particularly painful to bend. "

  "Another example is practicing smiling. The smile of volunteers is the best business card in Beijing, so it is very important. " Hao jingyu said, "the laughter needed at the award ceremony is very different from our usual laughter. It is not acceptable to open your mouth wide or small, and even the number of exposed teeth is strictly regulated at 6 to 8. The teacher asked each of us to bite a chopstick in our mouth to feel when practicing smiling. It takes dozens of minutes to laugh like this, and even the facial muscles are numb. "

  After practicing for a long time, the girls’ teeth are sore by chopsticks, and the corners of their mouths are often abraded. Parents can’t help crying when they see the wound, and the girls smile and comfort their parents with a "nothing". Hao Jingyu said, "It’s the same when practicing walking, walking speed, turning around and other decomposition exercises. Everyone’s feet are ground with blisters, large and small, and after the blisters are worn out, they are ground with new blisters. So on and on, our movements are finally uniform."

  Daily food allowance for 25 yuan

  Girls don’t get much material gains by participating in Olympic etiquette activities. The only subsidy for three meals a day for the volunteers participating in the training is 25 yuan, which is almost the same as the dietary standard of ordinary people.

  Girls have more than a dozen kinds of food for breakfast every day, such as steamed buns, eggs, soybean milk, porridge and Chinese buns. Chinese food and dinner are staple foods such as rice, steamed buns and steamed buns, plus reasonable collocation of vegetables, meat and fish. Teacher Yuan Chunyan said that this recipe should not only ensure that the ceremony volunteers absorb enough nutrition, but also prevent them from getting fat due to overnutrition and affecting their body image. During the early training, there were many mosquitoes in hot weather. The school specially installed air conditioning for the student dormitory of the ceremony volunteers, and prepared mosquito-repellent incense tablets and pesticides to prevent scars from mosquito bites.

  Teacher Cui Weimin, deputy director of aviation service major in Changping Vocational School, told the reporter that the formal training will continue until March 2008. After intense training, it is the wish of volunteers to see their idols with their own eyes. Hao Jingyu said: "My idol is Liu Xiang. When I imagine that I may have the opportunity to serve Liu Xiang, I even have tears in my eyes, and I silently pray’ 2008, come soon’!"

  Never flinch from suffering.

  Despite strict training, accidents will inevitably occur in the actual operation process. When participating in the "Good Luck Beijing" archery team competition, a ceremonial volunteer accidentally stepped on the drainage pipe and twisted it. In order not to affect the progress of the award ceremony, she still kept an elegant smile, guided the award officials to walk the whole field, and walked back to the locker room only to find that the heel almost fell off completely.

  More than 30 students from Changping Vocational School have participated in the etiquette service of the "Good Luck Beijing" series of events. In order to prepare for the "Good Luck Beijing" triathlon, the etiquette team of Changping Vocational School was pulled to the competition site for training. In those days, the temperature in Beijing just plummeted and the cold rain continued, and the players wearing short-sleeved dresses had to keep training in the cold wind and cold rain. It’s really cold, so everyone happily hugs together to keep warm during the interval of training. Despite the suffering, none of the girls flinched in order to have a good performance at the award ceremony.

  Liu Changwen, a volunteer who awarded the prize for the "Good Luck Beijing" hockey competition, told the reporter: "My tray contains 18 gold medals and a trophy for the hockey competition, which is estimated to weigh at least 10 kilograms. At first, my hands were shaking. I was particularly afraid that shaking my hands too much would make the medal fall, but I finally persisted! " After the awarding ceremony, a member of the champion Australian team went to the rest area of Miss Etiquette and gave her champion flowers to Liu Changwen. "I was very excited at the time and felt that this was the best evaluation for our entire etiquette team!"

  How is Miss Olympic Etiquette selected?

  China has a population of 1.3 billion, so it is not difficult to select thousands of beautiful women. However, Miss Olympic Etiquette is called one of the "facades" of an Olympic Games, and it is not sloppy at all. Not all beautiful women meet the standards of Miss Olympic Etiquette.

  According to Zhao Dongming, director of the Cultural Activities Department of BOCOG, the standard of a hostess for the Beijing Olympic Games is "1.68m to 1.78m in height and 18 to 25 years old". Zhao Dongming said that miss etiquette must first be an Olympic volunteer; Secondly, the figure is better, and there is no strict regulation on the weight, but there are certain guiding standards for the measurements, because it involves the production of award-winning dresses.

  There will be nearly 100,000 volunteers for the Beijing Olympic Games, but among these 100,000 volunteers, it is difficult for other volunteers to experience what Miss Etiquette has experienced. Since the beginning of June, BOCOG has been selecting etiquette volunteers in many schools in Beijing. On the basis of various hard indicators, each school chose the best among the best, and conducted an all-round personal quality evaluation for each candidate. The selected candidate not only has outstanding appearance, but also has excellent academic performance and certain English conversation ability. The organizers also have strict requirements on the temperament, posture, skin and comprehensive quality of the candidates.

  During the selection in China Civil Aviation Management Cadre College, the school held a etiquette selection contest, especially in the whole school. More than 400 girls competed for 10 places, and the competition was fierce.

Editor: Zhu Xinrui

National Health Commission: Strengthen the coordinated development of medical insurance and medicine

At the press conference held by the National Health and Wellness Committee on February 28th on the progress and effectiveness of health and wellness, Mi Feng, spokesperson of the Committee and deputy director of the Propaganda Department, introduced that the main health indicators of Chinese residents are currently in the forefront of middle-and high-income countries.

Continuously meet the health service needs of the people.

Zhuang Ning, deputy director of the Department of Physical Reform of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that in recent years, the National Health and Wellness Commission has actively played a leading and coordinating role in medical reform and strengthened the coordinated development of medical care, medical insurance and medicine with relevant departments.

Zhuang Ning introduced that in terms of medical care, through the layout and construction of national medical centers, national regional medical centers, and provincial regional medical centers, we will strengthen relevant clinical key specialties and solve the problem of people seeking medical treatment across regions. According to statistics, in the first four batches of 76 national regional medical centers, more than 460 specialties have been built and more than 6,200 new medical technologies have been developed, and the average number of patients transferred to hospitals has dropped by about 30% compared with that before construction. The rate of common and frequently-occurring diseases in the county is over 90%.

Public hospitals are the main body of China’s medical service system. According to Jiao Yahui, director of the Department of Medical Administration of the National Health and Wellness Commission, there are 2,817 tertiary public hospitals and 5,384 secondary public hospitals participating in the performance appraisal of public hospitals nationwide. According to the data of the past five years, the development mode, operation mode and resource allocation of tertiary public hospitals in China are more reasonable. The two indexes reflecting the technical difficulty of medical services, namely, the case combination index and the proportion of discharged patients in Grade IV surgery, have increased by 10% and 23.5% respectively, and the application level of electronic medical records in 83% tertiary public hospitals has reached Grade IV or above. The number and proportion of doctors in short supply such as anesthesiology, pediatrics, and severe diseases in tertiary public hospitals across the country have increased, constantly meeting the needs of people’s health services.

Zhuang Ning said that in terms of medical insurance, China has further improved the universal medical insurance system, raised the per capita financial subsidy standard for residents’ medical insurance to 640 yuan, and continuously improved the level of general outpatient medical insurance for employees. In medicine, we will further expand the breadth and depth of centralized procurement of pharmaceutical consumables and further reduce the inflated price. Revise and improve the medical insurance drug list, improve the basic drug system, speed up the registration and listing of urgently needed drugs, children’s drugs and innovative medical devices, and strive to meet the people’s drug demand.

Continuously improve the ability of disease prevention and control

In recent years, China has continuously improved the multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism to enhance the ability of disease prevention and control. Qin Xingqiang, deputy director of the Comprehensive Department of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, said that the laws, regulations and policy systems related to the emergency response of infectious diseases in China have been continuously improved, and the emergency management system and mechanism have been continuously optimized, basically forming an emergency plan for public health emergencies, covering multiple diseases and covering national, provincial, municipal and county levels. Relying on the national and provincial centers for disease control and prevention, 20 national teams for the prevention and control of sudden acute infectious diseases have been set up, covering 17 provinces.

According to reports, since the "14 th Five-Year Plan", the central budget has allocated a total of 13.1 billion yuan to support the construction of disease control systems at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels. In 2023, the central government allocated 17.687 billion yuan for disease control projects through transfer payment for the prevention and control of major infectious diseases and endemic diseases.

Qin Xingqiang said that at present, the average reporting time of China’s infectious disease network direct reporting system has been shortened from five days to four hours now. At the national level, a technical system for rapid identification of 300 pathogens within 72 hours has been established, and 100% of provincial and 90% of municipal CDC have the ability to detect nucleic acids and isolate viruses. In the prevention and control of major infectious diseases, the rapid rise of AIDS epidemic in key areas has been effectively curbed; The mortality rate of tuberculosis remains at a low level; All endemic counties of schistosomiasis have reached the state of transmission interruption; Measles, Japanese encephalitis and other vaccines can prevent the incidence of infectious diseases from falling to the lowest level in history.

Construction of 321 high-level key disciplines of traditional Chinese medicine

In order to promote the development of China’s traditional Chinese medicine service system, Ouyang Bo, deputy director of the Comprehensive Department of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, introduced that the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the National Development and Reform Commission took the lead in establishing an inter-departmental working mechanism with relevant departments, and the central government invested nearly 13 billion yuan to promote key tasks and major engineering projects to basically achieve "double half".

Ouyang Bo said that China’s traditional Chinese medicine inheritance and innovation has been steadily promoted-46 national traditional Chinese medicine inheritance and innovation centers have been built, and 50 superior diseases treated by traditional Chinese medicine, 52 integrated Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment programs, 100 appropriate technologies and 100 Chinese medicine varieties with unique curative effects have been selected and released. The official publication of the first batch of 74 books in the "Chinese Medical Collection" marks a major stage achievement in the compilation of ancient Chinese medicine books.

At the same time, the team of talents with Chinese medicine characteristics has been growing, training 50 Qihuang scholars, 500 national outstanding clinical talents of Chinese medicine, 100 young Qihuang scholars, 35 innovative teams of Chinese medicine, and building 321 high-level key disciplines of Chinese medicine.

According to preliminary estimates, in 2023, the total number of medical treatment in Chinese medical and health institutions was 1.28 billion, and the number of discharged patients was 41.486 million. Chinese medicine played an active role in serving people’s health.

Building a high-quality and efficient Chinese medicine service system is one of the main tasks of the development plan of Chinese medicine in the 14 th Five-Year Plan. In this regard, Ouyang Bo said that the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine aims to achieve high-quality Chinese medicine services for everyone nearby, promote 14 Chinese medicine hospitals to be included in the founding unit of the National Medical Center, lay out and build 27 national regional medical centers for Chinese medicine, and continue to promote the construction of 62 "flagship" hospitals and 138 key hospitals with Chinese medicine characteristics. At the same time, optimize the supply of Chinese medicine services, select about 1,000 national traditional Chinese medicine specialties and 500 "flagship" departments for the coordination of Chinese and Western medicine, determine 31 units for the construction of Chinese medicine rehabilitation centers, strengthen the construction of pediatrics and geriatrics departments in Chinese medicine hospitals, and promote the construction of outpatient clinics for Chinese medicine specialties; Taking the construction of county-level Chinese medicine hospitals as the leader, we will build a solid grassroots network, promote tertiary hospitals to help 699 county-level Chinese medicine hospitals, and achieve full coverage of grassroots Chinese medicine museums in 23 provinces, so as to facilitate the masses to take a good look at Chinese medicine at their doorsteps.(Reporter Jin Zhenya)

Interview | Chinese and foreign research is on the cover of nature: this protein allows robins to navigate geomagnetic.

Human eyes can see all kinds of colors in the visible light band, and ears can hear sounds in the frequency range of 20-20000 Hz, but we still don’t know whether we have the sense of sensing the earth’s magnetic field, which is a complete mystery.

The public calls it "the sixth sense", but scientists don’t like this statement. In the past few decades, they have been trying to pry open the tip of the iceberg of the mystery and find a breakthrough in birds. How do they realize the induction of geomagnetic field and use it? European Robin is an excellent research object. This nocturnal migratory bird has been proved to have the ability of geomagnetic navigation before, and they can use the geomagnetic field as weak as 0.5 gauss for long-distance orientation to complete the seasonal migration year after year.

But what is the mechanism behind it? For this question, it needs a highly interdisciplinary cooperation to answer one or two. At 23: 00 on June 23rd, Beijing time, the top academic journal Nature published a heavy research titled "Magnetic sensitivity of cryptochrome 4 from a migratory songbird" on the cover form, which was jointly completed by scientists from Germany’s Oldenburg University, England’s Oxford University, China Academy of Sciences’ Hefei Institute of Material Science, Purdue University, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center and Germany’s Freiburg University. Studies have proved that cryptochrome protein (Cry4) in birds’ retina is very sensitive to magnetic field, and it may be the long-sought magnetic sensor.

There are 6 corresponding authors in this study, one of whom is Xie Can, a researcher from the High Magnetic Field Science Center of Hefei Institute of Material Science, China Academy of Sciences, and the High Magnetic Field Science Center is the common communication unit. Together with the team of the University of Oldenburg, Xie Can’s laboratory successfully prepared and obtained the Cry protein of European robin, a nocturnal migratory bird, for the first time in the laboratory, which laid the foundation for the success of the whole study.

In an interview with The Paper (www.thepaper.cn), Xie Can said that this multi-party cooperation, which started in 2016, is only the first stage of research on biomagnetic induction in various laboratories. "This article is also the first stage of our long-term cooperation." There is still a lot of work to be explored by its laboratories and partners in the future.

Xie Can graduated from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2001 with a doctorate in science. In August of the same year, he went to the United States to study molecular biophysics and structural biology in Timothy Springer laboratory of Harvard Medical School. From 2009 to 2019, he was a professor at Peking University College of Life Sciences. In November 2019, he was invited to join and transferred to the High Magnetic Field Science Center of China Academy of Sciences as a researcher. In December, 2020, we jointly established the International Magnetic Biology Frontier Research Center (IMF RC).

It is worth mentioning that in 2016, Xie Can Laboratory published its original breakthrough in the field of animal magnetic induction and biological navigation in the international academic journal Nature Materials, and discovered the magnetic receptor gene for animals’ perception of magnetic field for the first time in the world. The magnetic induction protein (MagR) encoded by this gene has intrinsic magnetism and can form a complex with Cry protein, so as to recognize the external magnetic field and respond. Based on this, Xie can put forward the hypothesis of "biological compass" for animals to feel magnetism. This work was rated as "Top Ten Progress in Life Sciences in China in 2015".

Professor Peter Hore from the Laboratory of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry of the Department of Chemistry of Oxford University is also the corresponding author of this latest study. Hore is one of the main schools of biological magnetic induction hypothesis, that is, the main contributor to the chemical radical-pair model that relies on cryptochrome. In an email to The Paper (www.thepaper.cn), he wrote, "If we can prove that Cry4 is a magnetic receptor molecule, we will also prove a fundamental quantum mechanism, which enables animals to perceive extremely weak environmental stimuli, and the intensity of this stimulus is one million times weaker than previously thought".

Referring to the above hypothesis of chemical free radicals, the time should be set back to 1978. At that time, German chemist Klaus Schulten and others proposed a preliminary model to introduce quantum entanglement into this research field, arguing that the magnetic induction mechanism of birds involves the entangled state of free radical pairs. Schulten’s team finally published the research results in 2000, pointing out that cryptochrome is probably the key molecule in the process of bird magnetic navigation, and boldly speculated on the magnetic induction process.

After nearly 20 years’ development, the outline of this hypothesis has become increasingly clear: firstly, the photosensitive pigment auxiliary group FAD in cryptochrome absorbs the energy of a blue photon, which causes the electronic transition of FAD group, leaving an empty orbit; Then the electrons are taken from the four adjacent tryptophan in turn, which is "electron transfer". At this time, the separated electrons have both spin singlet and triplet states due to quantum entanglement. Finally, the delicate balance between the two states can be determined by the direction of geomagnetic field, and this information can be transmitted to the brain in some way, so that organisms can respond to geomagnetic information.

The research team systematically and completely summarized the basic principles and supporting evidence of the free radical pair hypothesis from physics, chemistry and biology.

Compared with the previous theoretical research, this multi-party cooperative research takes the cryptochrome 4 protein of European robin as the main research object, carries out a series of high-precision spectroscopic tests, and carries out computational biology simulation, thus realizing the mutual verification of theory and experiment. This is the first comprehensive explanation of the photochemical magnetic sensitivity of free radicals in cryptochrome protein of nocturnal migratory birds, which confirms and perfects the magnetic induction mechanism of free radicals and provides an important basis for further explaining the geomagnetic orientation behavior of migratory birds.

Functional Cry4 protein from migratory birds

As early as 2000, scientists proposed that the photosensitive protein cryptochrome (Cry) was a possible magnetic induction protein through theoretical calculation. Theoretically, under the blue light condition, the information of external magnetic field can be transformed into the change of quantum yield caused by photoinduced free radicals in cryptochrome protein, which can be perceived by cells.

Why is cryptochrome protein considered by scientists as an animal magnetic induction molecule? The first author of this paper, Xu Jingjing from the University of Oldenburg, explained to the reporter of The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) that cryptochrome protein can bind to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), also known as active vitamin B2. When FAD is excited by blue light, it will undergo a reduction reaction, which can seize the electrons of tryptophan (Trp) nearby in turn, thus forming a magnetically sensitive free radical pair [FAD-TrpH+].

"It can be said that FAD is the’ heart’ of this magnetic sensitive molecule, and only cryptochrome protein combined with the cofactor FAD has the prerequisite of magnetic sensitivity." Xu Jingjing is now a doctoral student in Henrik Mouritsen’s laboratory of the University of Oldenburg. Before studying in Germany, Xu Jingjing completed his master’s degree in the Institute of Electrician, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and received biochemical training in Professor Xie Can’s laboratory. .

It is worth mentioning that one of the reasons why the hypothesis of free radical magnetic induction has not been proved by experiments in birds since it was put forward in 1978 is that the recombinant expression of avian cryptochrome protein often loses its own function because of protein’s misfolding, which means the loss of the key auxiliary group FAD for cryptochrome.

"The biggest regret of free radicals to the hypothesis is that scientists have never been able to obtain experimental evidence of the magnetic sensitivity of cryptochrome protein in migratory birds. In the early attempts, some experiments were done in the laboratory with cryptochrome protein of plants or non-migratory animals, but as the most typical migratory animals, migratory birds have never been really studied because of the difficulty in purifying cryptochrome protein of birds. " Xie can added.

In this study, scientists finally obtained the functional cryptochrome protein of migratory birds that combined with FAD. Under the guidance of Xie Can and Mouritsen, Xu Jingjing expressed and purified Cry4 protein of nocturnal migratory birds with biological activity by using the Cold-Shock protein expression system customized and optimized in the laboratory. The protein sample showed a beautiful and transparent yellow-green color due to the presence of FAD chromophore, and mass spectrometry analysis showed that the FAD binding rate of the protein was as high as 97%. It laid the foundation for the success of the whole study.

The acquisition of Cry4 protein of European robin is actually quite tortuous. Xie Can told the The Paper reporter that as early as the beginning of the cooperation, that is, in April 2016, the original plan was that Xie Can’s laboratory would prepare the protein in China, and then send it to the foreign cooperation team by air transportation for the next test.

In the previous research on MagR, Xie Can has successfully expressed and purified the MagR and Cry proteins of homing pigeons (birds that can homing directionally but not migrate seasonally) and their complexes.

But the international transportation scheme is not feasible. Xie Can clearly remembers that on June 9, 2016, his laboratory sent samples to Oxford University for the first time, but it was difficult. "Long-distance international transportation of protein samples requires that the protein be frozen first, and then thawed after reaching the destination laboratory. At that time, we found a problem. Whether it is Cry protein, MagR protein discovered by ourselves, or a complex of the two, all these proteins related to magnetic induction are very unstable and extremely sensitive to temperature. In the process of freezing and thawing, the activity of protein is greatly reduced or even disappeared. " For Cry4 protein in this study, after long-distance transportation and freezing and thawing, the key FAD auxiliary group was dissociated from Cry4 protein, and Cry4 protein also lost its activity.

Under the circumstances at that time, how to "preserve" Cry protein was an urgent problem to be solved. Just then, Xu Jingjing was applying for a visiting scholar in Mouritsen Laboratory. In November 2016, Mouritsen put forward a proposal to let Xu Jingjing go directly to Xie Can’s laboratory to learn a whole set of protein expression and purification techniques. Under the framework of cooperation, Xie can is very open-minded. "This is also a good thing for us, because the articles we publish ourselves also hope that others can repeat them." After more than two months of intensive "crash course", Xu Jingjing entered the Mouritsen laboratory.

"It took about seven or eight months for Xu Jingjing to set up the whole system from scratch in Mouritsen laboratory, and the expression and purification of Cry4 protein were perfectly repeated, and it also had good activity." After the key cornerstone work was completed, Hore and Mouritsen could not hide their excitement. They expressed their excitement in the email sent to Xie Can, that is, at that moment, the three parties formally established a long-term cooperation. "The three of us are completely different backgrounds. Hore is a physicist, so he mainly does physical chemistry. Mouritsen does animal behavior and neurobiology. I do protein research, so the three of us have their own strengths, which can complement each other." Xie Can described this tripartite cooperation in this way.

 In the following two years, Xu Jingjing usually finished protein preparation in the morning, then took a flight from Germany to Britain, arrived at Oxford University in the afternoon and went straight to the laboratory to test the properties of the protein, that is, the magnetic sensitivity of free radicals to photochemical reactions. Xie can once "experienced half a trip" when she visited Oxford University. "I can realize that she basically shuttled between laboratories in two countries for more than two years, and this is how the experiment was done." Xie can said.

For the first time, the hypothesis of free radical pair was verified by the experiment of cryptochrome protein of migratory birds

In the course of this research, in view of the complexity of the experimental content and the extremely complicated tests involved, more laboratories joined in. It is mentioned in the paper that in order to study the influence of magnetic field on the photochemistry of cryptochrome, the research team has developed and continuously improved a variety of spectral techniques.

The research team of Oxford University has developed a series of spectroscopic techniques specially used to study the photochemical magnetic field effect of cryptochrome, including transient absorption spectroscopy and Cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. Hore described it this way, "These devices were developed by the joint efforts of generations of talented postdoctoral and graduate students in the laboratory for many years."

Xu Jingjing said, simply put, the researchers put the protein sample in a magnetic field and irradiated it with 450nm blue light to detect the light absorption changes of the protein transient free radical pair under different magnetic field conditions and different time resolutions.

The experimental results showed that the free radicals in cryptochrome protein changed the yield after the magnetic field was applied, that is, the magnetic field effect, and the magnetic field effect of cryptochrome protein of European robin was 10 to 20 times stronger than that of non-migratory birds (chickens and pigeons).

The research team also clarified the mechanism of this magnetic sensitivity, that is, the electron transfer reaction triggered by blue light absorption. Protein molecule is composed of a series of amino acids: Cry4 has 527 amino acids, of which 4 tryptophan is very important for magnetic sensitivity. Under the excitation of blue light, electrons jump between FAD and these four tryptophan, resulting in so-called magnetically induced free radical pairs. Peter Hore of Oxford University and Ilia Solov’yov, a physicist in oldenburg, have calculated quantum mechanics to support this view.

In order to verify this, researchers at the University of Oldenburg further prepared tryptophan mutant protein of cryptochrome, that is, four tryptophan (WA, WB, WC and WD) in the electron transfer chain were replaced by phenylalanine (F) in turn, which had no redox activity and could not provide electrons to FAD, thus cutting off the electron transfer chain.

In each mutant protein, the electron transfer chain is 3, 2 and 1 tryptophan in turn. The transient absorption spectrum test results show that the free radical pair life of mutant protein is shortened from microsecond to nanosecond and picosecond. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) test showed that the free radicals of wild-type protein [FAD+TRPDH+] were 2.2nm apart, and after the fourth tryptophan was mutated, the free radical pair [FAD+TRPCH+] was 1.8nm apart.

The paper points out that the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical simulation. In wild-type cryptochrome protein, electrons are transferred among four tryptophan in turn, and these four steps make the electrons that are not equipped at the end be the farthest apart, thus forming a long-lived free radical pair, and the ultra-fine effect of the latter’s spin coherence is the point of magnetic field action.

Xu Jingjing mentioned that, surprisingly, when the fourth tryptophan at the farthest end was mutated, the magnetic field effect of protein was stronger than that of wild-type protein, and it was stronger than that of cryptochrome in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is also an electron transfer chain of tryptophan.

The researchers asked, why did nature evolve a fourth tryptophan for avian cryptochrome protein, if its function was only to reduce the sensitivity of magnetic field? Further research shows that the decay kinetics of wild-type protein (ErCry4) and mutant (ErCry4 WDF) are similar in milliseconds, and the magnetic field dichotomy (B1/2) is similar. This means that the origin of their magnetic sensitivity is the same, both of them come from the third tryptophan, and the fourth tryptophan may not participate in the animal magnetic induction process.

So what role does this fourth tryptophan-mediated electron transfer play? Based on the above experimental results, Ilia Solov’yov and Hore put forward the mechanism of free pair dynamic equilibrium through spin dynamic simulation, that is, electrons may jump back and forth between the third and fourth tryptophan, and the resulting two free radical pairs [FAD-TRPCH+] and [FAD+TRPDH+] are in rapid dynamic equilibrium and play different roles respectively.

The two roles are: the free radical pair formed by flavin-third tryptophan is mainly responsible for magnetic field perception, and the free radical pair formed by flavin-fourth tryptophan is mainly responsible for biochemical signal transmission in vivo. "This mechanism has not been found in cryptochrome proteins of any species before." Xie can said.

The research team predicts that there may be other proteins interacting with cryptochrome proteins in the body, such as MagR or other unidentified signal molecules reported by Xie Can, to realize cascade amplification of signals or directional arrangement of cryptochrome proteins, and further enhance the magnetic sensitivity and direction recognition in organisms. "Of course, these speculations need more experiments in the future to confirm."

They speculated that, perhaps, it was through this ingenious mechanism that nature wonderfully optimized the free radical photochemical reaction of cryptochrome protein and realized the dual functions of magnetic field sensing and signal transmission, thus enabling migratory birds to find their way in their journey across the hemisphere.

Xie Can concluded to the The Paper reporter that the main breakthroughs of this study are as follows: first, the hypothesis of free radical pair is verified experimentally with cryptochrome protein of migratory birds; Secondly, it is found that cryptochrome protein 4 of migratory birds is more sensitive to magnetic field than that of non-migratory birds; Thirdly, it is found for the first time that the four conserved tryptophan in the hypothesis have two different functions: magnetic induction and signal transmission.

Moving forward in controversy, in vivo verification is not easy.

It is worth noting that there are still many controversies in the field of animal magnetic induction research.

Xie Can said that on the whole, the magnetic induction hypothesis that has attracted much attention so far mainly includes electromagnetic induction model, magnetite particle model, chemical free radical pair model dependent on cryptochrome and biological compass model. These hypotheses are supported by certain experimental evidence, but there are also some limitations or deficiencies.

Xie Can called the study of animal magnetic induction a "very non-biological" study. By analogy with the conventional research ideas of sensory biology, scientists have first known for sure the existence of a certain sensory system and what kind of sensory organ it is, and on this basis, they have identified the receptor cells, neural pathways and brain regions related to the sensory system.

But the study of magnetic induction is quite different. In this field, biologists often find and ask questions, but physicists put forward imaginative hypotheses, and then chemists will also participate in a large number of verification experiments. Previously, the discovery of MagR and the hypothesis of biological compass in Xie Can’s laboratory generally followed this thinking paradigm.

Although this latest research has made many important breakthroughs, Hore stressed that this is not conclusive evidence that cryptochrome is a magnetic sensor. Because "this study is an in vitro experiment with purified protein, and the magnetic field used in the experiment is much higher than the geomagnetic field." Henrik Mouritsen said, "We need to prove the sensitivity of this protein to geomagnetic field in birds’ eyes, but the current technical bottleneck does not allow us to do this."

The research team speculated that cryptochrome protein may show higher sensitivity to magnetic field in vivo environment. For example, in retinal cells, protein may be arranged in a fixed orientation, thus enhancing their sensitivity to the direction of magnetic field. In addition, they may interact with other proteins, such as the previously reported magnetic receptor MagR, and even other unidentified protein, so as to achieve the effect of signal cascade amplification. Scientists are also looking for these unknown "mutual partners".

Regarding the future research plan of this project, Xu Jingjing pointed out that finding the interaction protein of cryptochrome and conducting in vivo experiments are two major challenges.

In fact, up to now, even though the evidence of free radicals is the most comprehensive, many hypotheses of animal magnetic induction mechanism need to be continuously developed, improved and screened. "There are many schools in the field of magnetic induction, and the publication of every research result needs to be widely questioned and challenged by reviewers in the review process, and these reviewers often come from different academic schools with different academic viewpoints, and they are often your competitors. Only by persuading your competitors will it be possible to finally publish it through review. " The review of this paper for nearly two years also highlights the twists and turns of the process.

Xie can prefers to call this kind of controversy in the scientific community academic debate. "The extensive academic controversy and debate itself shows that the problem you are studying is very important, which is obvious." Secondly, Xie Can believes that with the academic controversy and debate, it often brings about the rapid development of the whole field, "because more and more rigorous experiments will be designed to verify their respective views. Whether it is proof or falsification, we are getting closer and closer to the truth of science. "

Xie Can believes that the field of animal magnetic induction is full of controversy, "because no hypothesis or model has been recognized by everyone so far, and each school has its own supporters."

Strong cooperation like this one may bring about accelerated progress. "This is a highly interdisciplinary field. If you want to do some interesting topics in the field of animal magnetic induction and biological navigation, it is often impossible to rely on a laboratory to complete it." Xie can said.

Xu Jingjing also mentioned that "solving a scientific problem requires the joint efforts of many disciplines. In our team, experts in various disciplines have world-class technology, which is very important for our research." She said that in the process of project promotion, researchers kept communicating and understanding the knowledge of different disciplines to achieve common scientific goals.

Flora, the health guard in the intestine

There are more than 10 trillion huge microbial groups in human skin and intestines, and their number is more than 10 times of the total number of human cells, which is considered as another set of genomes besides human cells. Under normal circumstances, the vast majority of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract are beneficial to the human body, but due to various factors, the intestinal flora will also be unbalanced, and once it is unbalanced, it is easy to induce various chronic diseases.

The second organ of the human body

We collectively refer to the bacteria living in the intestine as intestinal flora. Their total weight in the human body is 2~3 kg, and there are more than 1,000 species. More than 50% of the feces we excrete every day are composed of these bacteria and their corpses. These small bacteria are symbiotic with our human body. They are rooted in the intestine for a long time to maintain our health, so we also call the intestinal flora "the second organ of the human body".

First of all, intestinal flora can shield and influence the immune system by itself, and prevent pathogenic bacteria from invading the human body. Intestinal flora adheres to the mucosal layer on the surface of the inner wall of the intestine, forming a barrier composed of bacteria. Intestinal flora inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria through the dominant symbiotic bacteria activities, and prevents pathogenic bacteria from entering the human body through this barrier. At the same time of passive defense, intestinal flora can stimulate the body to form more lymphatic organs in the intestine, and increase the level of immunoglobulin in plasma and intestinal mucosa, so that the immune system is in a moderately active state, so as to maintain an effective immune effect on invading pathogens.

In addition, intestinal flora has regulating and nutritional effects on the intestine. It has been reported that the existence of intestinal flora, especially the nutritional function of short-chain fatty acids produced by it, can make the growth of intestinal epithelial cells more active. In addition, intestinal flora can also regulate the differentiation of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells. This means that with normal intestinal flora, intestinal mucosa can be repaired more quickly.

Recent studies have shown that intestinal flora has an important relationship with human metabolic diseases. In addition, there are many other relationships between intestinal flora and health. Carotenoids produced by intestinal flora can reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and stroke to some extent. Normal intestinal flora can regulate the body’s response to allergens through the influence on lymphocytes, thus affecting the occurrence of allergic diseases. Even more surprising, there is evidence that the structural changes of intestinal flora can even affect the behavior patterns of the body.

Bacteria are also divided into good and bad

"Bacteria exceeded the standard" and "food was found to have bacteria" … People often talk about "bacteria" discoloration, but they don’t know that bacteria are also good or bad. Microbial communities are constantly influenced by many factors in the process of growth, including heredity, age, gender, diet and lifestyle. Everyone’s intestinal microbes have their own characteristics, but in healthy individuals, the relative abundance and distribution of bacterial species are very similar, and they all play a role in maintaining people’s overall health. There are "beneficial bacteria" that provide positive energy, "harmful bacteria" that love to make trouble, and some originally harmless bacteria that may take advantage of the situation and cause harm to the body. Such bacteria are called "opportunistic pathogens" or "conditional pathogens".

The normal flora of gastrointestinal tract can be divided into aerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. The most dominant is anaerobic bacteria, accounting for 99% of the total flora. The types and quantities of bacteria in the stomach, duodenum and jejunum are less, and the bacteria in the ileum begin to increase. In the colon, the types and quantities of bacteria increase more significantly, most of which are anaerobic bacteria, and Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Lactobacillus are absolutely dominant, while Clostridium and Staphylococcus, which are potentially pathogenic, account for only a few.

The imbalance of flora leads to many diseases.

If the intestinal flora is out of balance, health will go wrong. When beneficial bacteria can’t compete with harmful bacteria or conditional pathogens, they show bacterial infection, and symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting and fever appear. For example, the endotoxin produced by the imbalance of intestinal flora will increase the burden of liver detoxification and cause liver damage. These toxins will also enter our brain, causing abnormal brain development, causing autism, depression, Alzheimer’s disease and other symptoms. In addition, the imbalance of intestinal flora will also lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.

There are five main reasons for the imbalance of intestinal flora: 1. Long-term unbalanced diet. For example, eating too much meat or vegetables and eating unhealthy food for a long time; 2. Ingestion of food contaminated by bacteria. Reduce resistance, make conditional pathogens "worse", or ingest too many harmful bacteria, imbalance of intestinal flora, and diarrhea symptoms; 3. Age increases. With the increase of age, some beneficial bacteria decrease and harmful bacteria increase, and the body’s immunity weakens; 4. Use certain drugs. Excessive use of antibiotics leads to imbalance of intestinal flora and decreased immunity; 5. Gastrointestinal dysfunction. Organic causes lead to imbalance of intestinal flora and decreased immunity.

Diet regulation is safe and effective.

Now we have a safe, effective and scientific conditioning method, that is, taking microecological preparations. This preparation mainly includes three types, namely probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Probiotics contain a certain number of live bacteria preparations; Prebiotics can promote the growth of intestinal probiotics; Synbiotics is a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, which can not only supplement the probiotics in our body, but also promote the growth of probiotics.

Yogurt is a good choice to supplement probiotics. It contains plenty of protein, and also contains Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, but these two kinds of bacteria can’t colonize in our intestines, and yogurt at room temperature contains no live bacteria.

In addition to yogurt, there are many lactic acid bacteria drinks on the market at present. This kind of drink has a very high sugar content, and its nutritional value is relatively low compared with yogurt. Moreover, most of these drinks are stored at room temperature, so it does not contain live bacteria.

There is also an active lactic acid bacteria beverage, which requires strict cold chain transportation and cold storage. However, for people with gastrointestinal discomfort, drinking cold drinks often stimulates the intestines, and there is no way to guarantee the probiotic activity contained in such drinks.

In addition, bad eating habits will destroy the balance of intestinal flora, for example, a high-fat diet will change the intestinal flora. Adjusting the dietary structure and developing good eating habits play an important role in maintaining the dynamic balance of intestinal flora.

Intestinal flora changes with age, and some studies show that the number of bifidobacteria in the intestine of the elderly is significantly reduced. Therefore, in the diseases related to intestinal flora imbalance in the elderly, proper application of microecological agents is conducive to the recovery of the health of the elderly.

Commonly used microecological agents include live bacterial agents such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus. Increasing the number of beneficial bacteria can not only regulate the balance of intestinal flora, but also enhance the immunity of the body. ▲ (This lecture was written by Cui Yuyan, a special correspondent of this newspaper)

Don’t deprive children of their childhood happiness again! The Ministry of Education stopped kindergarten "primary school"

  CCTV News:In recent years, for the sake of their own interests, individual kindergartens have violated the laws of children’s physical and mental development and cognitive characteristics, taught primary school content in advance, and strengthened knowledge and skills training. The tendency of "primary school" education is serious, which not only deprives children of their childhood happiness, but also dampens their interest in learning.

  Recently, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued"Notice on Carrying out the Special Governance of Kindergarten" Primary School "(hereinafter referred to as the" Notice "),Clear governance tasks, governance steps, etc. Relevant departments are required to promote kindergartens to establish a scientific concept of protecting education, implement games as the basic activity, and resolutely correct the tendency of "primary school" through self-examination, comprehensive rectification and special supervision.

  Governance task

  It is forbidden to teach the content of primary school curriculum.

  The "Notice" requires that those who teach Chinese pinyin, literacy, calculation, English and other primary school curriculum contents in advance should be resolutely banned.

  For kindergartens to arrange children to complete homework and organize exams and tests related to primary school content, we must resolutely correct them.

  Social training institutions are also not allowed to teach primary school content in advance in the name of preschool and young convergence, and all localities should standardize it in combination with the governance of off-campus training institutions.

  In view of the fact that kindergartens can’t stick to games as their basic activities and break away from children’s life scenes, they organize and arrange one-day activities mainly by means of centralized classroom teaching; Or by mechanical recitation, memory, copying, calculation, etc., the "Notice" requires that it be resolutely corrected.

  It is necessary to guide kindergarten directors, teachers and parents to establish a scientific concept of child-rearing, adhere to the principle of children-oriented, respect children’s learning interests and needs, take games as the basic activities, flexibly use various forms such as group, group and individual activities, reasonably arrange and organize children’s daily life, and promote children’s independent games and learning inquiry through personal experience, direct perception and practical operation.

  Rectify the "primary school" educational environment

  The "Notice" requires that for those who fail to create various activity areas (corners) according to regulations, do not provide enough playing AIDS, game materials and books, and lack an educational environment that stimulates children’s interest in inquiry, strengthen their physique and play independently, they should adjust the setting of kindergarten activity areas, make rational use of indoor and outdoor environments, create open and diverse regional activity spaces, and equip them with necessary playing AIDS, game materials and picture books that meet the age characteristics of children; We should make full use of local life and natural resources, select, develop and design a number of game activities suitable for children, enrich game resources and meet the basic needs of children to carry out game activities.

  The "Notice" requires that those who do not have the qualifications of kindergarten teachers should be urged to participate in professional skills compensation training and obtain the qualification certificate of kindergarten teachers through examinations. If they still cannot obtain the qualifications of teachers, they should be adjusted within a time limit.

  For those who don’t meet the needs of scientific teaching, are used to "primary school" teaching, and are not good at organizing game activities according to the laws and characteristics of children’s physical and mental development, it is necessary to improve kindergarten teachers’ scientific teaching ability by carrying out standardized training on post adaptability.

  Primary schools adhere to zero starting point teaching.

  The "Notice" requires that those who fail to implement zero-starting teaching, reduce class hours and exceed the standard in accordance with the national curriculum standards in the initial grade of primary schools, and organize knowledge and ability tests of primary school content for children in enrollment, or take children’s participation in relevant competitions and certificates as the basis for enrollment, we must resolutely correct them, and investigate the responsibilities of principals and relevant teachers according to specific circumstances, and incorporate them into the record of standardized school running integrity.

  Governance steps

  Special treatment is divided into four stages.

  The first stage:Full deployment. Local education administrative departments at all levels should carefully formulate governance plans, clarify work requirements, and complete them before the end of August 2018.

  The second stage:Self-examination and arrangement. Kindergartens, primary schools and training institutions conduct self-examination as required, and the education administrative department organizes spot checks and arranging, which will be completed by the end of December 2018.

  The third stage:Comprehensive rectification. According to the situation of self-examination and arrangement, we should persist in making corrections while checking and timely rectification, and resolutely correct all kinds of wrong behaviors with the tendency of "primary school". The overall rectification work will be completed by the end of April 2019.

  The fourth stage:Special supervision. The State Council Education Steering Committee Office, Ministry of Education and provincial education supervision institutions and education administrative departments will carry out special inspections, which will be completed before the end of June 2019.

  Implement one-vote veto for annual inspection

  The "Notice" requires that kindergartens, primary schools and social training institutions with irregular teaching behavior and a tendency of "primary school" should be ordered to make rectification within a time limit. For those with frequent problems and strong social reactions, one-vote veto should be implemented in the annual inspection, and the main responsible person should be seriously investigated.

  Set up a special telephone and mailbox for reporting supervision.

  Education administrative departments at all levels should set up special telephone and mailbox for reporting and supervision, and consciously accept the supervision of parents and society. We should make full use of all kinds of media, increase publicity, widely publicize the scientific concept of parenting, and create a good environment for the healthy development of children’s body and mind.

  Sound sound

  In the face of the Ministry of Education’s efforts to manage the "primary school" of kindergartens, some netizens have expressed their views.

  — — Some netizens think that we should take measures to govern and give children a happy childhood. Early childhood education should pay more attention to the cultivation of behavior habits.

  — — For the "primary school" of kindergartens, parents expressed their helplessness.

   What do you think? Welcome to leave a message

  Source: CCTV News, Xinhua News Agency

Be listed as a definite carcinogen! This kind of bacteria is infected by more than half of people in our country.

Hp

Recently, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services released the 15th edition of the carcinogen report, in which 8 carcinogens were added, and Helicobacter pylori was listed as a definite carcinogen for the first time.

In China, the average infection rate of Helicobacter pylori is nearly 60%. Is there a high probability of cancer after being infected with this bacterium? What are its transmission routes? How to prevent it? Earlier, the reporter from the General Station interviewed the experts in the Department of Gastroenterology of Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University on related issues.

How common is Helicobacter pylori?

According to related reports, Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common chronic bacterial infection in human beings, accounting for more than 50% of natural bacterial infections in the world. Among them, the infection rate in developing countries exceeds that in developed countries. There are obvious differences in the probability of Helicobacter pylori infection in different regions of China, with an average infection rate of 59%, of which the average infection rate of children is 40%.

△ Helicobacter pylori (data map)

Infection with Helicobacter pylori has a high risk of cancer?

It is a misunderstanding that there is a high risk of cancer if Helicobacter pylori is positive.

According to the current research, most people who are positive for Helicobacter pylori have no great harm and symptoms, and only 10% to 20% of infected people will have digestive tract ulcers. Less than 1% of infected people develop gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, which may be at risk of canceration.

Most people infected with Helicobacter pylori have no clinical symptoms and complications.

Experts say that most people infected with Helicobacter pylori have no clinical symptoms and complications, and they can detect whether they are infected with Helicobacter pylori by using the most commonly used non-invasive methods, including carbon-13 or carbon-14 breath test.

Can helicobacter pylori be eradicated? How to eradicate it?

According to experts from the Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Helicobacter pylori can be eradicated. But first of all, we should evaluate whether there are indications for radical cure before we do treatment. Young people with no special family history and asymptomatic infected people are not recommended for eradication treatment. At present, bismuth-containing quadruple therapy has become the first-line treatment scheme to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. Experts suggest that to eradicate Helicobacter pylori, you should take medicine regularly according to the doctor’s advice.

How to prevent infection with Helicobacter pylori?

Helicobacter pylori is mainly transmitted through mouth-to-mouth and feces-to-mouth routes. Daily behaviors such as gathering, eating water or food infected by Helicobacter pylori, not washing hands after contact between humans and animals, kissing, and "mouth-to-mouth" feeding children may all be infected with Helicobacter pylori.

△ Data Map (Source/vision china)

Stay away from Helicobacter pylori, you should develop these habits.

Disinfect tableware and divide meals.

Do not eat raw or too hot food. They will stimulate the gastric mucosa and reduce its resistance, thus creating conditions for the invasion of Helicobacter pylori.

Don’t "mouth to mouth" feed. Some old people like to feed their children with food, which is one of the most easily contagious ways.

Wash your hands and clean your mouth in time.

High-risk groups should have regular physical examinations. The high-risk population of Helicobacter pylori should have gastroscopy every 2~3 years, and adults under 50 years old should have gastroscopy every 3 years. Those over 50 years old should do it every two years.

Source: CCTV News

Original title: "It is listed as a clear carcinogen! More than half of people in China are infected with this bacterium.

Read the original text

Sticking the neck, stabbing the knife, throwing the face … What has the United States done to this "important partner"

  "Never trust America. In the future, it will try to crush India … …”

  △ Screenshot of social media of Indian netizens

  On the recent social media platform, it is almost normal for the Indian people to comment on India-US relations like the above.

  After taking office in January this year, what has the new American administration done to make this "important partner" so untenable?

  This starts with the "stuck neck" of the United States in vaccine raw materials … …

  "Stuck" on the issue of vaccines

  According to data from the Indian Ministry of Health, the country’s newly confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the 24 hours as of 8: 00 am on the 26 th have set a new national record for five consecutive days, and once again set a new record of new cases in a single country in the world; At the same time, the number of deaths on that day also reached a new high in India since the outbreak.

  △ 25th local time, where will you go, outside a hospital in the Indian capital.

  Previously, in response to the worsening epidemic situation in China, Adal Punavara, CEO of the Indian Serum Research Institute, used social media to "implore" US President Biden to lift the ban on India’s export of vaccine raw materials in order to increase India’s vaccine production.

  △ Punavara social media screenshot

  It turns out that in order to ensure that vaccine manufacturers such as Pfizer in the United States can get enough raw materials to achieve all-weather production, Biden invoked the National Defense Production Act at the beginning of his tenure to prohibit the United States from exporting key raw materials for vaccine production. Even when the vaccination rate and reserves of the United States have been ahead of the world, the Biden administration has been slow to "let go".

  For the United States, the Indian media simply dismissed it as "vaccine mafia behavior."

  △ India zeenews News Network report screenshot

  The indifference of the United States has angered the Indian people. According to Indian media reports, the anti-American and anti-Western sentiment of Indian netizens on social media platforms has continued to rise recently.

  △ "Times of India" report screenshot

  Some people accuse the United States of ingratitude: "Remember hydroxychloroquine? When Trump raised the demand last year, India immediately lent a helping hand, although the Indian people were not enough. 1.3 billion Indians will remember who stood by when they needed help. "

  △ Screenshot of social media of Indian netizens

  Perhaps facing too much pressure, the White House finally said on the 25th that it would provide India with much-needed medical resources. But at this time, India’s vaccine raw materials have been cut off for several months, and the domestic epidemic has deteriorated to an unprecedented level. At present, the Indian side has not responded to this. I wonder to what extent this gesture of "sending an umbrella after snow" by the United States can calm India’s anger.

  "Stabbing a knife" in regional security

  Not long ago, another thing the United States did also angered India.

  Earlier this month, the destroyer USS john paul jones, while crossing the Persian Gulf to the Straits of Malacca, forcibly entered the Laksha Islands in the exclusive economic zone of India for so-called "free navigation".

  What makes India even more dissatisfied is that the US Navy’s Seventh Fleet also issued a statement publicly declaring that this action has not been approved by India.

  △ US destroyer john paul jones

  In this regard, The Times of India wrote in the first sentence of its report: "There are rare differences between India and the United States on the rapidly developing defense relations between the two countries."

  △ "Times of India" report screenshot

  In view of the close defense relationship between India and the United States, this incident is obviously extraordinary. Afterwards, the Indian government expressed "concern", which triggered ridicule and dissatisfaction from Indian public opinion, and regarded it as a manifestation of "weakness" towards the United States.

  Many Indians believe that the United States "can’t believe that they will stab India in the back."

  △ Screenshot of social media of Indian netizens

  "Throw a face" in economic and trade cooperation

  I am afraid that the more lasting pressure from the United States on India is still in the economic and trade field.

  As early as June 5, 2019, the Trump administration at that time terminated the GSP treatment for India for decades on the grounds that the US trade deficit with India was too large, which brought a new blow to India, where the economic growth rate slowed down significantly and the unemployment rate hit a new high.

  △ US President Trump (left) and Indian Prime Minister Modi (data map)

  On the 26th of last month, the Office of the US Trade Representative announced that the trade investigation on India and other six countries related to the digital service tax in Article 301 had entered the next stage, and the possibility of imposing punitive tariffs on these countries was not ruled out. Indian media said that the United States may impose retaliatory tariffs of up to 25% on Indian products.

  △ "India Tribune" report screenshot

  In addition, 11 economies, including India, are still on the US exchange rate policy monitoring list.

  … …

  The "new hatred and old hatred" of the piles has made Indians feel sad and angry.

  The Times of India once quoted the questions of netizens in the country: "Restrict the export of vaccine raw materials, label India as a currency manipulator, enter Indian waters without saying hello, and publish a negative report on human rights and minority rights in India … … This is what allies do? !”

  In this regard, Wang Shida, deputy director of the South Asia Institute of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, pointed out that in recent years, the United States has stepped up its efforts to win over India to implement the so-called "Indo-Pacific strategy" and attempted to extend its power to the Indian Ocean region step by step, but in the process it has never regarded India as the only "partner" that the United States relies on in South Asia. In fact, the differences between India and the United States in many fields make it difficult for the two sides to become true allies.

  Wang Shida:"On the one hand, the United States wants to use India to promote its so-called ‘ Indo-Pacific strategy ’ ; But on the other hand, the starting point of American foreign policy is always to safeguard America’s own interests and global hegemony. How long can the cooperation between the United States and India last? There has been some reflection in India. Therefore, India has distanced itself from the United States to some extent, and at the same time it has also taken quite strong precautions against the United States. "

  Planning Wang Jian

  Written by Shan Lijuan

  Editor Yan Ming Yao Yanxia Wei Yu

  Review Zheng Lei Wang Jian

  Producer Guan Juanjuan

Some Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Adhering to the Priority Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas and Doing a Good Job in "Agriculture

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 19th 

Some Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Adhering to the Priority Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas and Doing a Good Job in "Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers"
(January 3, 2019)

This year and next are the decisive period for building a well-off society in an all-round way, and there are many hard tasks that must be completed in the field of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The CPC Central Committee believes that under the complicated situation of increasing downward pressure on the economy and profound changes in the external environment, it is of special importance to do a good job in the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. We must persist in taking solving the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers as the top priority of the whole party’s work, further unify our thinking, strengthen our confidence and implement our work, consolidate the good situation of developing agriculture and rural areas, give play to the role of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" as a ballast stone, win the initiative to effectively cope with various risk challenges, and lay the foundation for ensuring sustained and healthy economic development and overall social stability and achieving the goal of the first century on schedule.

To do a good job in agriculture, countryside and farmers, we should take Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era as the guide, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress and the Central Economic Work Conference, closely focus on coordinating and promoting the overall layout of "five in one" and the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, firmly grasp the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, implement the requirements of high-quality development, and adhere to the general policy of giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas. Taking the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy as the overall starting point, we should benchmark the hard tasks that must be completed in building a well-off society in an all-round way, adapt to the new requirements of rural reform and development put forward by the complex situation changes at home and abroad, focus on key points, fill shortcomings and strengthen the foundation, deepen the structural reform of the agricultural supply side around "consolidating, strengthening, upgrading and smoothing", resolutely win the battle against poverty, give full play to the role of rural grassroots party organizations as a fighting fortress, and comprehensively promote rural revitalization to ensure the smooth completion by 2020.

First, focus on precise policy, decisive battle to win the fight against poverty

(1) Complete the task of tackling poverty to the letter. Stick to the established goal of poverty alleviation and implement the existing policy deployment. By 2020, we will ensure that the rural poor will be lifted out of poverty under the current standards, all poverty-stricken counties will be stripped of their hats, and regional overall poverty will be solved. Adhere to the current poverty alleviation standards, comprehensively investigate and solve outstanding problems that affect the realization of "two guarantees and three guarantees", prevent blindly raising standards and raising appetite, and put an end to digital poverty alleviation and false poverty alleviation. Strengthen poverty alleviation monitoring. Further compact the responsibility of poverty alleviation, implement the most stringent assessment, and accurately ask for accountability. We will continue to strengthen poverty alleviation cooperation between the east and the west and designated poverty alleviation by the central units. Deepen the efforts to grasp the Party building, and promote poverty alleviation. Organize normalized interviews and talk at any time when problems are found. Make good use of the results of the special inspection of poverty alleviation and promote the implementation of political responsibility for poverty alleviation.

(2) focus on deep poverty-stricken areas. Aim at the key and difficult problems that restrict the accurate poverty alleviation in deep poverty areas, make a list, clarify the responsibilities item by item, and reconcile the sales numbers. Major construction projects continue to tilt towards deep poverty-stricken areas, and policies and measures such as poverty alleviation by characteristic industries, ex situ poverty alleviation, ecological poverty alleviation, financial poverty alleviation, social assistance, and cadres and talents are tilted towards deep poverty-stricken areas. Finance at all levels will give priority to increasing capital investment in "three districts and three states" to tackle poverty. For the deep poverty-stricken areas with a large number of poor people, high incidence of poverty and great difficulty in getting rid of poverty outside the "three districts and three States", it is also necessary to co-ordinate capital projects and increase support.

(3) Focus on solving outstanding problems. Pay attention to the development of long-term poverty alleviation industries, focus on solving problems such as disjointed production and marketing and insufficient risk protection, and improve the participation and direct benefit level of poor people. Strengthen the follow-up measures for ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation, focus on solving the problem of heavy relocation and light follow-up assistance, and ensure the relocation of one household and the stable poverty alleviation of one household. Strengthen compulsory education in poverty-stricken areas to control dropout and protect education, and avoid dropping out of school because of poverty. We will implement multiple security measures such as basic medical insurance, serious illness insurance and medical assistance, build a solid network of rural health services, and ensure the basic medical needs of the poor. Solidly promote ecological poverty alleviation and promote the coordination between poverty alleviation and development and ecological protection. Adhere to the combination of poverty alleviation and supporting the mind, strengthen vocational education and skills training in poverty-stricken areas, strengthen the overall connection between development-oriented poverty alleviation and affordable poverty alleviation, focus on solving the problems of "taking it all in one pocket" and some poor people, and enhance the endogenous motivation and self-development ability of poor people. Effectively strengthen the front-line precision assistance force, and select the best and strengthen the resident team. Care and care for poverty alleviation cadres, increase work support, help solve practical difficulties and relieve worries. We will continue to carry out special treatment of corruption and work style in the field of poverty alleviation, and severely investigate and deal with problems such as false reporting, embezzlement, misappropriation, caring for relatives and friends, and eating and getting cards.

(4) Consolidate and expand the achievements in tackling poverty. After poverty-stricken counties, poor villages and poor people quit during the crucial period, relevant poverty alleviation policies remained stable to reduce and prevent the poor people from returning to poverty. Study and solve new problems such as the lack of policy support for the people whose income level is slightly higher than that of the poor households who set up the card. Adhere to and promote good experiences, good practices and good ways in tackling poverty. Do a good job in linking poverty alleviation with rural revitalization. For poverty-stricken counties that have taken off their hats, they should consolidate their development achievements by implementing the rural revitalization strategy and continue to promote economic and social development and the improvement of people’s lives. Summarize the practical creation and great spirit of poverty alleviation. Plan the strategic thinking after the completion of the goal and task of poverty alleviation in 2020 as soon as possible.

Second, lay a solid foundation for agriculture and ensure the effective supply of important agricultural products

(1) Stabilizing grain output. We will do a good job in grain production, promote the implementation of grain storage on the ground and grain storage in technology, and ensure that the grain planting area is stable at 1.65 billion mu. We will steadily improve policies and measures to support grain production, tap the potential of stable production and increase production such as varieties, technologies and disaster reduction, and ensure farmers’ basic income from growing grain. Give full play to the advantages of major grain producing areas, improve the interest compensation mechanism of major grain producing areas, and improve the reward and compensation policy for major grain producing counties. Compacting the main sales area and the production and marketing balance area to stabilize grain production responsibility. Strictly observe the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, fully implement the special protection system for permanent basic farmland, and ensure that the permanent basic farmland remains above 1.546 billion mu. Building a modern meteorological service system for agriculture. Strengthen the assessment of the responsibility system of the governor of food security.

(two) to complete the task of high standard farmland construction. Consolidate and improve grain production capacity, and ensure that 800 million mu of high-standard farmland will be built by 2020. Revision of the national master plan for high-standard farmland construction, unified planning and layout, construction standards, organization and implementation, acceptance and assessment, and storage of the above map. Strengthen capital integration, innovate investment and financing models, and establish a diversified financing mechanism. Implement regional overall construction, promote the comprehensive supporting of water, land, forest, road and electricity, and simultaneously develop high-efficiency water-saving irrigation. Complete the delineation of grain production functional zones and important agricultural products production protection zones, and give priority to the "two zones" for high-standard farmland construction projects. Resume the construction of high-quality cotton production base in Xinjiang, and cover the construction scope of sugar cane "double high" base to all designated protected areas. Further strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy. Promote the water-saving transformation and modernization of large and medium-sized irrigation areas. Strengthen the protection of black land in Northeast China. Strengthen the comprehensive management of groundwater overexploitation in North China. We will promote the pilot project of remediation and planting structure adjustment of cultivated land polluted by heavy metals.

(3) Adjusting and optimizing the agricultural structure. Vigorously develop the production of green and high-quality agricultural products in short supply, and promote the transformation of agriculture from increasing production to improving quality. We will further promote the high-quality grain project. Implement the soybean revitalization plan and expand the planting area in many ways. Support the production of rape in the Yangtze River basin, and promote the demonstration and popularization of new varieties and technologies and the whole mechanization. Actively develop woody oil plants. We will promote the dairy industry, strengthen the construction of high-quality milk source bases, upgrade and transform small and medium-sized dairy farms, and implement the promotion of infant formula. Rationally adjust the grain feeding structure and develop the production of high-quality forage materials such as silage corn and alfalfa. Reasonably determine the scale of aquaculture in inland waters, reduce the over-dense cage culture in offshore waters and lakes and reservoirs, promote the construction of marine pastures, and develop offshore fisheries in a standardized and orderly manner. Reduce the fishing intensity of rivers, lakes and offshore fisheries, and fully implement the ban on fishing in the Yangtze River Aquatic Biological Reserve. Implement the quality and safety assurance project of agricultural products, and improve the supervision system, monitoring system and traceability system. Strengthen the monitoring and prevention of African swine fever and other animal epidemics, strictly implement prevention and control measures, and ensure industrial safety.

(4) Accelerate the breakthrough of key agricultural core technologies. Strengthen innovation-driven development, implement key agricultural core technology research actions, cultivate a number of agricultural strategic scientific and technological innovation forces, and promote independent innovation in the fields of biological seed industry, heavy agricultural machinery, smart agriculture, and green inputs. We will build scientific and technological innovation platform bases such as the State Key Laboratory of agriculture, build a deep integration platform in Industry-University-Research, and strengthen the construction of national modern agricultural industrial technology system, scientific and technological innovation alliance, industrial innovation center, high-tech industrial demonstration zone, and science and technology park. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation, cultivate innovative agricultural science and technology enterprises, and support qualified enterprises to take the lead in implementing technological innovation projects. We will continue to organize and implement joint research on improved varieties of rice, wheat, corn, soybeans and livestock and poultry, and accelerate the breeding and popularization of high-quality grass seeds. Support weak links to apply agricultural machinery research and development, promote the transformation and upgrading of agricultural machinery and equipment industry, and accelerate agricultural mechanization. Strengthen the creation and application of intellectual property rights in agriculture. Accelerate the integration, innovation and popularization and application of advanced and practical technologies. Establish and improve the property right system of agricultural scientific research achievements, give scientific research personnel the ownership of scientific research achievements, improve the talent evaluation and flow guarantee mechanism, and implement the policy of part-time and part-time salary and distribution of rights and interests of achievements.

(five) the implementation of important agricultural products security strategy. Strengthen the top-level design and system planning, ensure the supply of important agricultural products such as grain based on the domestic market, make overall use of the international and domestic markets and resources, scientifically determine the level of domestic important agricultural products, improve the security system, and improve domestic security capabilities. Take rice and wheat as the necessary varieties to stabilize corn production and ensure the basic self-sufficiency of grain and the absolute safety of rations. Accelerate the legislative process of food security. On the basis of improving quality and increasing efficiency, we will consolidate the production capacity of cotton, oilseeds, sugar and natural rubber. Accelerate and support agriculture to go global, strengthen international cooperation in agriculture in the Belt and Road Initiative, actively expand the import of agricultural products in short supply in China, expand diversified import channels, cultivate a number of multinational agricultural enterprise groups, and improve the level of agricultural foreign cooperation. Strengthen the comprehensive management of anti-smuggling of agricultural products.

Third, solidly promote rural construction and speed up the shortcomings of rural human settlements and public services.

(1) Do a good job in the three-year action of rural human settlements improvement. In-depth study and promotion of Zhejiang’s "Thousand Villages Demonstration and Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" project experience, comprehensively push forward the renovation of rural human settlements focusing on rural garbage and sewage treatment, toilet revolution and village appearance improvement, and ensure that by 2020, the rural human settlements will be significantly improved, the village environment will be basically clean and orderly, and the villagers’ awareness of environment and health will be generally enhanced. Encourage all localities to base themselves on reality and adjust measures to local conditions, rationally choose a simple and long-term remediation model, and focus on solving technical problems. Establish a government investment mechanism with local priority and central subsidies. The central government gives subsidies to the rural toilet revolution and the promotion of the whole village, and rewards the advanced counties for the improvement of rural human settlements. The central budget invests in special funds to support the improvement of rural human settlements. Allow the county to co-ordinate and integrate relevant funds according to regulations, and focus on the improvement of rural human settlements. Encourage social forces to actively participate and organically combine the improvement of rural human settlements with the development of rural leisure tourism. Carry out extensive village cleaning operations. Create beautiful livable villages and the most beautiful courtyards. The renovation of rural human settlements should be compatible with the level of rural economic development, coordinated with local culture and customs, pay attention to practical results and prevent superficial work.

(two) the implementation of village infrastructure construction projects. We will promote the consolidation and upgrading of rural drinking water safety, strengthen the protection of rural drinking water sources, and speed up the solution to the problems of "difficulty in drinking water" and unsafe drinking water in rural areas. We will comprehensively promote the construction of "four good rural roads", increase the implementation of "road length system" and demonstration counties, and realize that all qualified villages will pass through hardened roads, and conditional areas will extend to natural villages. Strengthen the construction of roads in the village. Fully implement the rural electrification upgrading project and accelerate the completion of a new round of rural power grid transformation. Improve the county and rural logistics infrastructure network, support the construction of agricultural products storage and preservation, grading packaging and other facilities, and encourage enterprises to establish logistics distribution outlets in counties and villages with conditions. Accelerate the extension of broadband networks to villages and speed up and reduce fees. Continue to promote the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas. We will improve the long-term mechanism for the construction and management of village infrastructure, clarify the responsibilities of all parties for management and protection, and encourage local governments to include management and protection expenses in their fiscal budgets.

(3) Improve the level of rural public services. Comprehensively improve the level of public services such as rural education, medical and health care, social security, old-age care, culture and sports, and accelerate the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas. Promote the integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education, and thoroughly implement the nutrition improvement plan for rural compulsory education students. We will implement the plan of popularizing high school education and strengthen rural children’s health improvement, early education and preschool education. Accelerate the construction of standardized village clinics and implement the special post plan for general practitioners. Establish and improve a unified basic medical insurance system for urban and rural residents, and simultaneously integrate serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents. Improve the basic old-age insurance benefits for urban and rural residents and the normal adjustment mechanism for basic pensions. Coordinate the urban and rural social assistance system, improve the minimum living security system and the special care and resettlement system. Accelerate the construction of comprehensive cultural service centers at the grassroots level in rural areas. We will improve the care service system for left-behind children, women and the elderly in rural areas, support the development of multi-level rural old-age care, and strengthen and improve rural disabled services. Promote the establishment of a basic public service funding mechanism for urban and rural planning, and improve the basic public service standards in rural areas.

(4) Strengthening rural pollution control and ecological environment protection. Make overall plans to promote the management of landscape forest, field, lake and grass system and promote the green development of agriculture and rural areas. Strengthen the control of agricultural non-point source pollution, carry out the action of saving fertilizer and medicine in agriculture, and realize the negative growth of chemical fertilizer and pesticide use. Develop eco-circular agriculture, promote the resource utilization of agricultural wastes such as livestock manure, straw and plastic film, realize the full coverage of the whole county in the resource utilization of livestock manure, and make great efforts to control white pollution. Expand the pilot system of crop rotation fallow. Create the pioneer area of agricultural green development. Implement rural greening and beautification actions, build a number of forest villages, protect ancient and famous trees, and carry out compensation for ecological benefits of wetlands and returning farmland to wet areas. Comprehensive protection of natural forests. Strengthen the restoration of degraded shelterbelts in the "Three North" areas. Expand returning farmland to forests and grasslands, and steadily implement returning grazing to grasslands. Implement a new round of subsidies and incentives for grassland ecological protection. Implement the system of river length and lake length, promote the management of rural water environment, and strictly manage the water ecological space such as the coastline of rural rivers and lakes.

(5) Strengthen the guidance of rural planning. Strengthen planning management as the basic work of rural revitalization and realize full coverage of planning management. County-level party committees and governments should make overall plans to promote rural planning. In accordance with the principle of planning before construction, we should comprehensively consider land use, industrial development, residential construction, human settlements improvement, ecological protection and historical and cultural heritage, pay attention to maintaining local features, and formulate practical village planning with multiple regulations. Strengthen the management of building permits in rural areas.

Fourth, develop and expand rural industries and broaden channels for farmers to increase their income.

(1) Accelerate the development of industries with rural characteristics. Develop diversified characteristic agriculture according to local conditions, and advocate "one village, one product" and "one county, one industry". Actively develop fruit and vegetable tea, edible fungi, miscellaneous grains and beans, potatoes, Chinese herbal medicines, special breeding, Lint flowers and seedlings and other industries. Support the construction of a number of advantageous areas of characteristic agricultural products. Innovate and develop rural handicrafts with ethnic and regional characteristics, vigorously tap skilled craftsmen in rural areas, and cultivate a number of family workshops, manual workshops and rural workshops. Improve the quality standard system of characteristic agricultural products, strengthen the protection of geographical indications and trademarks of agricultural products, and create a number of characteristic product brands of "local brand name" and "township brand name".

(2) Vigorously develop modern agricultural product processing industry. Taking "the head of the grain eats the tail" and "the head of the farmer works the tail" as the starting point, we will support the main producing areas to form agricultural product processing industrial clusters relying on the county, and leave the industrial chain in the county as far as possible to change the pattern of selling raw materials in rural areas and processing in cities. Support the development of primary processing of agricultural products suitable for family farms and farmers’ cooperatives, support the development of deep processing of agricultural products in counties, and build a number of specialized villages and towns and counties with strong processing of agricultural products. Coordinate the construction of agricultural products origin, distribution center and wholesale market, and strengthen the construction of agricultural products logistics backbone network and cold chain logistics system. Cultivate leading enterprises and consortia in agricultural industrialization, and promote the construction of modern agricultural industrial parks, demonstration parks for rural industrial integration and development, and towns with strong agricultural industries. We will improve the interest linkage mechanism for the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, so that farmers can share more of the value-added benefits of industries.

(3) Developing new rural service industries. Support supply and marketing, postal services, agricultural service companies, farmers’ cooperatives, etc. to carry out agricultural production services such as agricultural technology extension, land trust, farming and planting, unified prevention and control, drying and storage. Give full play to the advantages of rural resources, ecology and culture, and develop industries that meet the needs of urban and rural residents, such as leisure tourism, catering, cultural experience, health and wellness, and old-age services. Strengthen the construction of rural tourism infrastructure and improve public service facilities such as health, transportation, information and postal services.

(4) Implementing the strategy of digital countryside. Further promote "Internet+Agriculture" and expand the demonstration application of agricultural Internet of Things. Promote the construction of big data in the whole industrial chain of important agricultural products and strengthen the construction of national digital agriculture rural system. We will continue to carry out a comprehensive demonstration of e-commerce in rural areas and implement the project of "internet plus" agricultural products leaving the village and entering the city. We will comprehensively promote the entry of information into villages and households, and rely on the "internet plus" to promote the extension of public services to rural areas.

(five) to promote the transfer of rural labor employment. We will implement a more active employment policy, strengthen employment services and vocational skills training, and promote the multi-channel transfer of rural labor and increase income. Develop and strengthen the county economy, guide the orderly gradient transfer of industries, support the development of suitable industries to small towns, support the development of rural enterprises with strong employment absorption ability, support enterprises to set up production workshops and employment bases in rural areas, and increase farmers’ local jobs. Stabilize the employment of migrant workers and ensure the timely and full payment of wages. Accelerate the urbanization of agricultural transfer population and promote the full coverage of permanent residents in urban basic public services.

(6) Support rural innovation and entrepreneurship. Encourage migrant workers, college graduates, veterans and urban talents to return to their hometowns to innovate and start businesses, support the establishment of various forms of entrepreneurial support service platforms, and improve the rural innovation and entrepreneurship support service system. We will implement the policy of tax reduction and fee reduction, encourage local governments to set up rural employment and entrepreneurship guidance funds, and speed up the settlement of difficulties such as land use and credit. Strengthen the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship incubation platforms, support the creation of a number of returning entrepreneurial parks, and support the development of small and micro enterprises.

Five, comprehensively deepen rural reform, stimulate the vitality of rural development

(1) Consolidate and improve the rural basic management system. Adhere to the basic position of family management and give new meaning to the two-tier management system. We will focus on family farms and farmers’ cooperatives as two new types of agricultural business entities, start the family farm cultivation plan, carry out the standardized promotion of farmers’ cooperatives, further promote the construction of demonstration cooperatives, and establish and improve the policy system and management system to support the development of family farms and farmers’ cooperatives. We will implement the policy of supporting small farmers and organically connecting modern agricultural development, and improve the interest linkage mechanism of "farmers+cooperatives" and "farmers+companies". Accelerate the cultivation of all kinds of socialized service organizations and provide all-round socialized services for one household. Accelerate the introduction of opinions on improving the grassland contract management system. Accelerate the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price and improve the incentive mechanism for water saving. We will continue to deepen the comprehensive reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and formulate regulations on supply and marketing cooperatives. Deepen the collective forest right system and the reform of state-owned forest farms. Vigorously promote the reform of collectivization and farm enterprise in agricultural reclamation areas.

(2) Deepening the reform of rural land system. Keep the rural land contract relationship stable and unchanged for a long time, study and introduce supporting policies, and guide all localities to clarify the specific measures for extending the contract after the second round of land contracting expires, so as to ensure a smooth transition of policy convergence. We will improve the laws, regulations and policy system for implementing collective ownership, stabilizing farmers’ contracting rights and freeing land management rights. On the basis of basically completing the registration and certification of contracted land ownership, we will carry out "looking back", do a good job of finishing the work, properly resolve the remaining problems, and issue the certificate of land contractual management right to farmers. We will improve the standardized management system for land circulation, develop various forms of moderate-scale agricultural operations, and allow secured financing for contracted land management rights. Summarize the experience of three pilot reforms of rural land system and consolidate the reform results. Adhere to the collective ownership of rural land, do not engage in privatization, adhere to the agricultural use of agricultural land, prevent non-agriculturalization, adhere to the protection of farmers’ land rights and interests, and do not take the withdrawal of contracted land and homestead as a condition for farmers to settle in cities, and further deepen the reform of rural land system. On the basis of amending relevant laws, we will improve the supporting system, comprehensively push forward the reform of rural land expropriation system and the reform of rural collective construction land entering the market, and accelerate the establishment of a unified urban and rural construction land market. Accelerate the registration and certification of the right to use the homestead, and strive to basically complete it in 2020. We will steadily and prudently promote the reform of the rural homestead system, expand the pilot reform, enrich the pilot content, and improve the system design. Pay close attention to the formulation of guiding opinions on strengthening the management of rural homestead. To study and draft regulations on the use of rural residential sites. Piloting the reclamation of idle homesteads.It is allowed to carry out rectification of idle school buildings, factories and abandoned land in rural areas throughout the county, and revitalize the construction land to support new rural industries and new formats and return to the countryside to start businesses. Strict management of land for agricultural facilities to meet reasonable demand. Consolidate the results of the rectification of the "big shed" problem. In accordance with the requirements of "taking it from agriculture and mainly using it for agriculture", we will adjust and improve the scope of land transfer income, increase the proportion of investment in agriculture and rural areas, and focus on the improvement of rural human settlements, village infrastructure construction and high-standard farmland construction. Solidly carry out the inter-provincial adjustment and use of new cultivated land indicators and savings indicators linked to the increase or decrease of urban and rural construction land, and all the adjustment proceeds will be used to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and support rural revitalization. Accelerate the revision of land management law, property law and other laws and regulations.

(3) Deepening the reform of rural collective property rights system. Complete the national rural collective assets verification on schedule, speed up the construction of rural collective assets supervision and management platform, and establish and improve various management systems for collective assets. Guide rural collective economic organizations to confirm their membership on the basis of democratic consultation, pay attention to protecting the legitimate rights of special groups such as married women, accelerate the reform of the joint-stock cooperative system of rural collective operating assets, and continue to expand the pilot scope. Summarize and promote the experience of changing resources into assets, funds into shares and farmers into shareholders. We will improve rural collective property rights and actively explore ways to pledge loans for collective assets. Study and formulate the rural collective economic organization law. We will improve the rural property rights transfer market and promote the open and standardized operation of various rural property rights transfer transactions. Study and improve the preferential tax policies suitable for the characteristics of rural collective economic organizations.

(4) Improve the agricultural support and protection system. In accordance with the principle of increasing the total amount, optimizing the stock and improving the efficiency, we will strengthen the orientation of high-quality green development and accelerate the construction of a new agricultural subsidy policy system. In accordance with the principles of adapting to WTO rules, protecting farmers’ interests and supporting agricultural development, we will promptly study and formulate suggestions on improving agricultural support and protection policies. Adjust and improve the "yellow box" policy and expand the scope of use of the "green box" policy. According to the orientation of giving full play to the role of market mechanism, we will improve the minimum purchase price policy for rice and wheat. Improve the subsidy policy for corn and soybean producers. We will improve the mechanism of subsidizing agricultural credit guarantee rates and substituting awards for subsidies, study and formulate specific measures for business assessment of guarantee institutions, and accelerate the scale of guarantee. Improve the agricultural insurance policy according to the requirements of expanding the scope, increasing the products and raising the standard. We will promote the pilot projects of full cost insurance and income insurance for rice, wheat and corn. Expand the agricultural catastrophe insurance pilot and the "insurance+futures" pilot. Explore the implementation of the pilot program of substituting awards for local agricultural products insurance with local advantages and characteristics. Open up all aspects of financial services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, establish an incentive and restraint mechanism for county banking financial institutions to serve agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and realize that the growth rate of inclusive agriculture-related loans is generally higher than the average growth rate of various loans. Promote rural commercial banks, rural cooperative banks and rural credit cooperatives to gradually return to their original sources and serve the local "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". To study and formulate specific measures for performance evaluation and incentive of the "three rural" business units of commercial banks. Make good use of policies such as differentiated reserve ratio and differentiated supervision to effectively lower the threshold of credit guarantee services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Encourage banking financial institutions to increase medium-and long-term credit support for rural revitalization and poverty alleviation. Support the listing of featured agricultural futures options in key areas.

Six, improve the rural governance mechanism, maintain rural social harmony and stability.

(1) Enhance the ability of rural governance. Establish and improve the leadership system and working mechanism of the combination of autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue led by party organizations, and give play to the role of the masses in governance. We will carry out pilot projects for the construction of rural governance systems and create demonstration villages and towns for rural governance. Strengthen the standardization and institutionalization of autonomous organizations, improve the system of village-level deliberation and consultation, promote the openness of village-level affairs, and strengthen the effective supervision of village-level power. Guide rural areas to generally formulate or revise village rules and regulations. Promote rural grassroots governance according to law and establish and improve the public legal service system. Strengthen comprehensive agricultural law enforcement.

(2) Strengthening the construction of spiritual civilization in rural areas. Guide farmers to practice socialist core values and consolidate the party’s ideological position in rural areas. Strengthen publicity and education, do a good job in the ideological work of the peasants, publicize the party’s line and principles and the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and enriching farmers, and guide farmers to listen to the party’s words, feel grateful to the party and follow the party. We will carry out pilot projects for the construction of civilized practice centers in the new era and do a good job in the construction of county-level media integration centers. We will deepen and expand mass activities to create spiritual civilization, launch a number of demonstration counties, civilized villages and towns, and the most beautiful families for the construction of spiritual civilization in rural areas, excavate and set up moral models, and play a leading role in demonstration. Support the construction of cultural auditorium, cultural square and other facilities, and cultivate villages and towns with distinctive culture. We will continue to promote the work of changing customs in rural areas, guide and encourage grassroots mass autonomous organizations in rural areas to take binding measures to control bad social practices such as bad habits of weddings and funerals, sky-high bride price, declining filial piety, and no support for the elderly.

(3) Continue to promote the construction of safe villages. We will further promote the special struggle against evil, severely crack down on evil forces in rural areas, and put an end to the erosion of grassroots political power by evil forces such as "village tyrants." Severely crack down on the infiltration of hostile forces, cult organizations and illegal religious activities into rural areas. Promote discipline inspection and supervision work to the grassroots level, and resolutely investigate and deal with unhealthy practices and corruption problems that occur around farmers. Improve the implementation of the leadership responsibility system for comprehensive management of social security. Deepen the expansion of grid service management, integrate the first-line security construction forces at the grassroots level, and put more resources, services and management into rural communities. Strengthen the investigation and special treatment of hidden dangers in areas prone to public safety incidents such as rural traffic, fire protection, public health, food and drug safety and geological disasters. Accelerate the construction of an information-based and intelligent rural social security prevention and control system and continue to promote the construction of the "discerning project" in rural areas. Adhere to the development of the "Maple Bridge Experience" in the new era, improve the mechanism for the investigation, mediation and resolution of rural contradictions and disputes, and improve the ability and level of serving the masses and maintaining stability.

Seven, give play to the role of rural party branches as battlefortresses, and comprehensively strengthen the construction of rural grassroots organizations.

(1) Strengthening the leading role of rural grass-roots party organizations. Strengthen rural grassroots party organizations, focus on improving organizational strength, highlight political functions, and continuously strengthen the construction of rural grassroots party organizations. Increase advanced branches, upgrade middle branches, rectify backward branches, and rectify the "one village, one policy" of weak and scattered village party organizations one by one by county. Take a "look back" on the change of the village "two committees" and resolutely clean up the members of the village "two committees" who have been criminally punished and have problems such as "village tyrants" and gangs and evils. Implement the overall optimization and promotion actions of the leaders of village party organizations, and fully equip the strong team. We will fully implement the filing management system for village party secretaries and county-level party committees. Establish a long-term working mechanism for the first secretary to be stationed, send the first secretary to poor villages, weak and scattered villages and empty-shell villages of collective economy in an all-round way, and expand to villages with heavy tasks of rural revitalization. Intensify the efforts to train and select village party secretary from outstanding party member of college graduates, migrant workers, veterans and institutions. Improve the normalization mechanism of selecting township leading cadres, examining township civil servants and recruiting township career staff from outstanding village party organization secretaries. Implement the five-year term of office of village party organizations, and promote the simultaneous change of village "two committees" and county and township. Optimize the team structure of rural party member, and increase the development of party member from young farmers and rural migrant workers. We will improve the responsibility system of county-level party committees for grasping townships and promoting villages, and county and township party committees should regularly investigate and solve outstanding problems in the construction of grassroots organizations in a timely manner. Strengthen and improve the leadership of village party organizations over various organizations at the village level,Improve the village-level organization system led by party organizations. We will fully implement the appointment of the secretary of the village party organization as the director of the village committee through legal procedures, and implement the cross-appointment of the members of the village "two committees" to increase the proportion of party member among the members of the village committee and the villagers’ representatives. Strengthen the leadership of the Party branch over village-level collective economic organizations. We will fully implement the "four discussions and two openness" and improve the mechanism for studying and discussing important issues and major issues at the village level by village party organizations.

(two) to play the role of various organizations at the village level. Clarify the functional orientation of various village-level organizations, and realize that all kinds of grass-roots organizations should be set up according to their needs, perform their duties according to their duties, have people to handle affairs, and have rules and regulations. Villagers’ committees should perform the functions of grass-roots mass autonomous organizations and enhance villagers’ self-management, self-education and self-service. Establish and improve supervision committee in an all-round way, and play a supervisory role in matters such as village decision-making and publicity, property management, project construction, and implementation of policies and measures to benefit farmers. Strengthen the service function of collective economic organizations and play a role in managing collective assets, rationally developing collective resources and serving collective members. Give play to the positive role of rural social organizations in serving farmers and establishing new styles.

(3) Strengthening the service function of village-level organizations. In accordance with the principle of being conducive to the construction of village-level organizations and serving the masses, the work items that are suitable for village-level organizations to handle or undertake are handed over to village-level organizations, and the necessary working conditions are guaranteed. Standardize village-level organizations to assist the government’s work, and prevent arbitrary increase in the workload of village-level organizations. Coordinate the reform of township stations, strengthen the construction of township service system for agriculture, and ensure that townships have teams and resources to serve agriculture.

(4) Improve the fund guarantee mechanism for the operation of village-level organizations. We will improve the financial investment-oriented and stable system for ensuring the operation funds of village-level organizations, fully implement the remuneration package of village cadres and the office funds of village-level organizations, establish a normal growth mechanism, and ensure other necessary expenditures such as the operation and maintenance of village-level public services. Take the development and expansion of village-level collective economy as an important measure to play the leading role of rural grass-roots party organizations, increase policy support and overall promotion, develop and expand village-level collective economy according to local conditions, and enhance the self-protection and service ability of village-level organizations.

Eight, strengthen the party’s leadership over the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and implement the general policy of giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas.

(1) Strengthen the institutional guarantee for the five-level secretary to revitalize the countryside. We will implement the rural work mechanism of overall planning by the central government, overall responsibility by the province, and implementation by cities, counties and townships, formulate detailed rules for the implementation of the five-level secretary’s responsibility for rural revitalization, and strictly supervise and assess. Strengthen the statistical monitoring of rural revitalization. In 2019, the party committees of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) should, in light of local conditions, issue performance appraisal opinions on the promotion of rural revitalization strategy by party and government leading bodies and leading cadres in cities and counties, and strengthen the application of assessment results. All localities and departments should pay close attention to sorting out the hard tasks that must be completed in building a well-off society in an all-round way, strengthen work measures, and ensure the successful completion of various tasks in 2020.

(2) Firmly establish the policy orientation of giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas. Party committees and governments at all levels must take the implementation of the requirements of the "four priorities" as the top priority for doing a good job in "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", carry them on their shoulders, grasp them in their hands, link them with performance appraisal, and implement their responsibilities at different levels. Give priority to the allocation of cadres for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, enrich outstanding cadres to the front line of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, enrich elite forces to the grassroots front line, and pay attention to selecting cadres familiar with the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers to enrich local party and government teams at all levels. Give priority to the allocation of factors for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, resolutely break down the institutional barriers that hinder the free flow and equal exchange of urban and rural factors, change the one-way outflow pattern of rural factors, and promote the flow of resource factors to rural areas. Give priority to the investment in agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and insist on giving priority to agriculture and rural areas as areas of financial security and financial services. Public finance is more inclined to agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and new loans at county level are mainly used to support rural revitalization. Local government bond funds should be allocated to support key areas such as rural human settlements improvement and village infrastructure construction. Give priority to rural public services, promote the unification of urban and rural basic public service standards and the integration of systems, and realize the transformation from formal inclusiveness to substantive fairness. We will improve the top-level design for giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, and promptly study and introduce guiding opinions and specific implementation measures.

(3) Cultivate a "three rural" work team that understands agriculture, loves the countryside and loves farmers. Establish a mechanism for training, equipping, managing and using the cadres working in agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and implement the care and incentive policy. Guide and educate the cadres of agriculture, countryside and farmers to carry out investigation and research, advocate the spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic, keep close contact with the masses and deepen their feelings for farmers. Resolutely correct formalism and bureaucracy in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, clean up and standardize all kinds of inspection, appraisal, assessment and supervision matters, effectively solve the problem of grassroots being tired of welcoming evaluation and inspection, and let grassroots cadres concentrate on doing practical things for the masses. Incorporate rural talents into talent training plans at all levels to give key support. Establish a system of overall use of county talents and a system of directional entrusted training of rural talents, and explore various ways to guide all kinds of talents to participate in rural revitalization through moderate separation of posts and posts, on-the-job academic education, and evaluation of innovative professional titles. Commend and reward all kinds of talents who have made outstanding contributions. Implement the project of cultivating new professional farmers. Vigorously develop vocational education for rural needs and strengthen the construction of agriculture-related majors in colleges and universities. Pay close attention to the introduction of policies and opinions on cultivating the "three rural" work team that understands agriculture, loves the countryside and loves farmers.

(4) Give full play to the main role of farmers. Strengthen system construction, policy incentives, education and guidance, mobilize, organize and serve the masses throughout the whole process of rural revitalization, fully respect the wishes of farmers, carry forward the spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle, and stimulate and mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of farmers. Give play to the leading role of government investment, and guide and support village collectives and farmers’ independent organizations to implement or participate in the construction of village infrastructure and the improvement of rural human settlements through the forms of private office assistance, fund-raising and labor-raising, compensation by awards and relief by work. Strengthen the supervision of fund-raising and labor use to prevent increasing the burden on farmers. Introduce simple examination and approval methods for village construction projects, standardize and narrow the scope of application of bidding, and let farmers participate more and benefit from it.

At present, it is of great significance, arduous task and urgent requirement to do a good job in the work concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. In addition to the above eight aspects, all other work deployed by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council must be done for a long time, implemented vigorously and achieved practical results.

Let’s closely unite around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, fully implement the important exposition of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on doing a good job in agriculture, countryside and farmers, forge ahead, overcome difficulties and do solid work, and make new contributions to building a well-off society in an all-round way and promoting the all-round revitalization of the countryside.

Scientific and technological innovation leads high-quality development

  Innovation is the first driving force for development. In 2021, scientific and technological innovation will support and lead the high-quality development of China’s economy.

  In recent years, the global economy has been hit by the COVID-19 epidemic, but China’s economy has maintained a growth trend. In 2021, China’s innovation-driven development trend continued to improve, the profit growth rate and investment growth rate of high-tech industries maintained a high level, and the transformation of old and new kinetic energy was accelerated during the epidemic.

  The economic growth of national high-tech zones is good.

  National High-tech Zone has become an important strategic support and new growth point of China’s economy. From January to August this year, 169 national high-tech zones realized an operating income of 29.5 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 21.9%; The total profit was 2.3 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 36.8%; The total export volume was 3.0 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 25.4%; The profit rate of national high-tech zone enterprises’ operating income was 7.8%, an increase of 0.9 percentage points over the same period of last year; The number of newly registered enterprises in the National High-tech Zone was 436,000, a year-on-year increase of 34.1%.

  "These data show that the national high-tech zone economy has maintained a good growth momentum and innovation and entrepreneurship have continued to be active." Jia Jingdun, director of the Torch Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, said.

  The performance of high-tech zones such as Zhongguancun in Beijing and Donghu in Wuhan is quite outstanding. From January to August, the technology income of Zhongguancun Science Park was 996.68 billion yuan, up 26.3% year-on-year, and the sales income of new products was 592.58 billion yuan, up 96.0% year-on-year. Together, they accounted for about 30% of the total income, and the income structure continued to be optimized. The profit rate of the enterprise was 10.5%, 1.6 times that of the same period of last year. From January to August, the leading industries in Wuhan Donghu High-tech Zone continued to develop strongly, and the industrial output value of optoelectronic information industry reached 125.52 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 40.2%.

  High-tech Zone solves problems for enterprises in the park and optimizes various services.

  "Haidian Pioneer Park has solved the financing problem of enterprises, and the service has achieved results and the amount has reached a new high." Zhao Xinliang, director of in haidian estate of zhongguancun science park Innovation Service Center, introduced that Haidian Pioneer Park has classified and integrated the resources of more than 800 high-quality cooperative institutions, effectively linked financing needs and reduced corporate financing costs. In 2021, 9 financing docking activities have been held, including the "three or three meetings" and investor meetings, with 180 sub-enterprises and more than 600 sub-investment institutions participating. They also joined the Beijing Equity Exchange Center to recommend 240 high-quality enterprises to land on the "four boards" for free, helping enterprises to standardize their operations and enter the multi-level capital market.

  High-tech zones actively responded to the requirements of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology, and launched a number of reforms.

  The "Minshan Action" plan is a special practice launched by Chengdu High-tech Zone this year. It is based on the actual ability and effectiveness of solving the problem of "sticking the neck" in industrial development. After the release of the first demand list, 92 application teams were attracted, including 18 academicians leading the team. At present, six new R&D institutions, including Chengdu Minshan Institute of Hydrogen Energy and Carbon Neutralization Technology and Chengdu Minshan Institute of Power Semiconductor Technology, have successfully unveiled the list and obtained support funds of about 450 million yuan.

  "The team that successfully unveiled the list needs to sign the task book for unveiling the list and set up ‘ Military order ’ , according to the established goals and ‘ Milestone ’ Node to attack, and take ‘ Assessment once a year, elimination once every three years ’ Management methods, timely suspension of non-performance or poor progress of the project. " Wang Xiaoning, deputy director of Chengdu Hi-tech Zone Science and Technology Talent Bureau, said.

  High-tech enterprises operate efficiently

  High-tech enterprise groups have gradually become the main force of scientific and technological innovation. At present, there are 278,000 high-tech enterprises in China, accounting for only 0.6% of the total number of enterprises in the country, but the R&D expenditure is as high as 1.33 trillion yuan, exceeding 70% of the R&D expenditure of enterprises in the country.

  Some high-tech leading enterprises aim at the future and increase investment.

  At the Guangzhou Auto Show on November 18th, Iflytek Smart Car unveiled many intelligent interactive products, and officially released a set of "Flying Fish Intelligent Audio Management System". Advanced sound algorithms such as 3D immersion surround sound with independent intellectual property rights can instantly restore audio with high quality, bringing users a richer and fuller listening experience.

  "The automobile has a long industrial chain and high technical complexity. In the context of the Internet of Everything, the automobile has become one of the main battlefields for the application of artificial intelligence." Wu Xiaoru, president of Iflytek, said that at present, Iflytek is making joint efforts from many aspects, such as intelligent interaction, intelligent service and intelligent sound field, to help the automobile industry upgrade in an all-round way.

  With the rise of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the global intelligent networked automobile industry has ushered in a new major historical development opportunity. Iflytek has been deeply involved in the automobile field for 18 years, and delivered more than 1,000 models, with a front-mounted capacity of over 31 million and an annual installed capacity of over 6 million.

  Some traditional industrial enterprises use technology to drive transformation and upgrading.

  Xin ‘an Chemical is a leading enterprise in glyphosate production industry in China. In view of the widespread phenomenon of "flue gas tailing" in the industry, Xin’ an Chemical has stepped up scientific and technological research and pioneered the "deep treatment technology of directional conversion flue gas" nationwide; More than 20 million yuan was invested in six new projects of tail gas treatment technology after the production of glyphosate by-product crude phosphate. The flue gas treatment system of directional conversion unit realized the upgrading of the process and the upgrading of environmental protection devices.

  Yu Meidong, director of phosphate plant in Xin ‘an Chemical Industry, introduced that the technology deeply treated the directional conversion flue gas and realized the ultra-low emission of tail gas from chemical production. "We believe that the enterprises that take the lead in bid upgrading can gain market opportunities and realize transformation and development."

  High-quality input brings high-quality output. According to the statistics of China National Intellectual Property Administration, by the end of September 2021, high-tech enterprises had 5.617 million valid patents, an increase of 15.8% over the same period of last year, including 1.127 million valid invention patents, an increase of 20.1% over the same period of last year.

  The cultivation and development of high-tech enterprises has become an important starting point for all localities to promote high-quality economic development. According to statistics, from January to August this year, the number of industrial high-tech enterprises in China exceeded 101,000, accounting for 25.1% of the total industrial enterprises in China, with 37.3% of the total assets, achieving 33.4% of operating income and 40.3% of total profits.

  "In the first three quarters, high-tech enterprises generally operated well, and the benefit indicators were generally better than the national level." Jia Jingdun said.

  The vitality of innovation and entrepreneurship continues to be released.

  In 2021, China’s "double innovation" vitality continued in generate, and its innovation and entrepreneurship continued to upgrade. Scientific research institutions took the initiative to connect with the market, and the total transaction volume of technology contracts increased significantly.

  In recent years, the Institute of Microbiology of China Academy of Sciences has made outstanding achievements in the fields of recombination vaccines in COVID-19, therapeutic antibodies, low-carbon intellectual production in polyamide industry and cultivation of innovative crop varieties with disease resistance, resulting in a market value of over 100 billion yuan. Qian Wei, director of the Institute, said that the Institute’s major needs and goals lead to basic research, and in the core innovation fields such as "microbial frontier", "life and health" and "green and low-carbon sustainable development", it has established an efficient linkage mechanism with "innovation chain driving the industrial chain", focused on major tasks and objectives, and solved outstanding problems in reality with modern biotechnology such as modern vaccines, gene editing, synthetic organisms and microbiome as sharp edges.

  "The Torch Center will speed up the improvement of the market-oriented allocation system and mechanism of technical factors, and continuously open the channels for technical factors to enter the economic system and industrial system." Jia Jingdun introduced that as of September 20, 2021, a total of 347,748 technology contracts were registered, with a turnover of 2,071.98 billion yuan, up 33.4% and 45.6% respectively, and the total transaction volume of technology contracts continued to grow.

  The service capacity of scientific and technological innovation carriers has been continuously improved, helping enterprises tide over the epidemic situation.

  In the first three quarters of this year, there were 46,000 creative teams of 1,692 creative space services submitted by 2,251 countries for record, and the total rent reduction for entrepreneurial teams and start-ups was 210 million yuan; Among the 1,287 state-level science and technology business incubators, 91,000 enterprises are incubating in 1,093 incubators, and the total rent reduction for incubating enterprises is 370 million yuan; Among the 139 national university science parks, 103 submitted statistics reduced or exempted the rent by 38.067 million yuan for incubating enterprises.

  Yang Bin, president of China Science and Technology Development Institute, said that up to now, the incubation system of China Development Institute has operated 30 incubation carriers nationwide, with 1,815 incubating enterprises and 1,164 graduated enterprises. "After the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, in order to cope with the operational difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, the China Development Institute actively responded to national policies. The Shenzhen Incubation Base and the national holding bases successively reduced the rent and incubation service fees for small and medium-sized technology enterprises, reaching 17 million yuan."

  Science and technology enterprises have received continuous support from financial institutions, and technology stocks have increasingly become the main force in the capital market.

  According to statistics, by the end of August, 51.1% of high-tech enterprises had received loan support from financial institutions, and the number of high-tech enterprises that received loan support increased by 5,655 compared with the beginning of the year; The loan balance of 142,000 high-tech enterprises was 8,868.77 billion yuan, with an average loan support of 62.466 million yuan for each enterprise; The loan rate of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises was 42.9%, and the number of enterprises supported by loans increased by 5,723 compared with the beginning of the year, and the accumulated loan amount exceeded 1 trillion yuan.

  By the end of September, 43.9% and 50.2% of high-tech enterprises had publicly issued shares on the main board of Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and 95.0% and 87.1% had publicly issued shares on the Growth Enterprise Market of science and technology innovation board Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange. (Economic Daily reporter She Huimin)